Advancements in pathogen detection: the integration of SERS and LSPR technologies in handheld clinical diagnostics

Amid the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, traditional virus detection methods like RT-qPCR face limitations in terms of infrastructure and processing time. This has spurred the development of agile diagnostic technologies, emphasizing non-invasive and rapid testing. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) have emerged as promising alternatives. SERS, amplifying Raman signals through metal nanostructures, offers high sensitivity, high specificity, rapid response, qualitative and quantitative analysis enhanced by recent innovations like multiwell-array substrates. Integration with machine learning refines SERS's diagnostic capabilities, enabling rapid and accurate identification of SARS-CoV-2. LSPR, leveraging light-metal nanoparticle interactions, revolutionizes rapid viral detection, especially with the development of portable handheld devices. These devices enable real-time, on-site testing, proving crucial in managing infectious disease outbreaks. Their applications extend beyond SARS-CoV-2, holding potential for various pathogens.