俄罗斯北部欧洲地区艾尔夏奶牛繁殖力指标的相关性

I. Komlyk, I. Lepesheva, A. Bolgov
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摘要

奶牛的繁殖力是指奶牛生产后代的能力,对于优化奶牛育种中的牛群繁殖具有根本性的重要意义。随着现代奶牛产奶量的增加,奶牛的产奶量达到 8-10 千克,甚至更多,其繁殖能力却在下降。目的:鉴定和描述艾尔夏奶牛繁殖力指标的关联、它们之间的关系以及对产奶量水平的依赖。研究对象是 "Megrega "育种厂(卡累利阿共和国)的艾尔夏品种奶牛。每头奶牛的年平均产奶量超过 9000 公斤。根据 3866 次泌乳数据,考虑了 5 年的繁殖力指标。分析了这些指标的相互关系及其与产奶量的关系。奶牛的年龄对繁殖力参数没有显著影响,从第一胎到第五胎,繁殖力参数几乎相同。在本泌乳期,产奶量的增加对繁殖特性有明显的恶化影响。产奶量从 5000 千克增加到 10000 千克及以上时,冷淡期(IP)增加了 38.4 天;授精期(PI)增加了 50.5 天;服务期(SP)增加了 88.9天;每次受精的次数--受精指数(CI)--从1.25提高到2.27;早期胚胎死亡(EED)--从3.1%提高到13.3%(P<0.001);第一次受精的受精率--从78.1%下降到33.6%。在所有繁殖力指标中,从产犊到第一次授精这段时间起着特殊作用。受胎率最高的奶牛产犊期为 100-120 天。产奶量与IP之间呈正相关(r = + 0.11-0.18, Р<0.001)。所获得的结果可用于育种指数开发的进一步研究,选择育种指数可在保持和发展奶牛渐进繁殖力的同时提供高产奶量遗传趋势。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Associations of fertility indicators of breeding Ayrshire cows in the conditions of the European North of Russia
The fertility of cows as the ability to produce offspring has a fundamental importance for optimizing the reproduction of the herd in dairy cattle breeding. With the increase in the value of milk yield in modern cows up to 8–10 thousand kg of milk and more, their reproductive abilities deteriorate.Objective: identification and characterization of associations of fertility indicators, their relationship, dependence on the level of milk yield in Ayrshire cows.Materials and methods. The research was held on cows of the Ayrshire breed of the breeding plant «Megrega» (Republic of Karelia). The average milk yield per cow is over 9000 kg of milk per year. Fertility indicators were taken into account for 5 years according to 3866 lactation data. The interrelations of these indicators and their associations with the value of milk yield were analyzed.Results. The age of the cows did not significantly affect on the fertility parameters, which were almost the same from the first to the fifth calving. An increase in the milk yield during the current lactation had a significant worsening effect on reproductive characteristics. The increase in milk yield from 5000 kg to 10000 kg and more was accompanied by an increase in their the indifference period (IP) by 38.4; the period of insemination (PI) – by 50.5; the service period (SP) – by 88.9 days; number of inseminations per conception – conception index (CI) – from 1.25 to 2.27; early embryonic death (EED) – from 3.1 to 13.3 % (P<0.001); fertilization from the first insemination – conception rate (CR) decreased from 78.1 to 33.6 %. The period from calving to the first insemination plays a special role among all fertility indicators. The best fertility rates were recorded in cows with an indifferent period of 100–120 days. A positive correlation was established between milk yield and IP (r = + 0.11–0.18, Р<0.001).Conclusions. The obtained results can be used in further research on the development of breeding indices, the selection of which can provide a high genetic trend in milk yield while maintaining and developing progressive fertility of dairy cows.
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