Review of TiO2 as Desulfurization Catalyst for Petroleum

In the relentless pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, the petroleum industry faces the imperative challenge of mitigating sulfur emissions. This comprehensive review scrutinizes Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) as an extraordinary catalyst, pushing the boundaries of desulfurization performance in petroleum refining. The abstract begins by underscoring the urgent need for advanced desulfurization technologies, driven by stringent environmental mandates and escalating global energy demands. The spotlight then shifts to the unparalleled physicochemical attributes of TiO2, showcasing its inherent advantages such as exceptional surface area, stability, and photocatalytic process. A profound exploration of TiO2’s catalytic mechanisms follows, unraveling its capacity to disintegrate stubborn sulfur–carbon bonds, thereby elevating desulfurization efficiency to unprecedented levels. This review meticulously dissects diverse forms of TiO2, ranging from nanoparticles to mesoporous structures, and provides a critical analysis of their respective strengths and limitations in catalyzing sulfur removal. Delving into operational nuances, this review examines the impact of temperature, pressure, and catalyst loading on TiO2 performance, offering crucial insights for optimizing desulfurization processes. The narrative then unfolds to explore cutting-edge developments in TiO2-based catalysts, encompassing ingenious modifications, composites, and hybrid materials designed to augment catalytic activity and selectivity. Anticipating the road ahead, this review contemplates the challenges and prospects of deploying TiO2 on an industrial scale, pointing toward avenues for future research and development. This abstract encapsulates a wealth of knowledge, serving as an indispensable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers navigating the dynamic landscape of sustainable petroleum refining. TiO2 emerges as a transformative force, propelling the industry toward cleaner, greener, and more efficient energy production.