Beyond the discomfort: understanding and managing sexual pain in women, a comprehensive case-based discussion.

Introduction: Sexual pain has a profound impact on individuals, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity, and affects women more often than men. It adversely affects both sexual function and interpersonal relationships. Despite its prevalence, sexual pain in women often remains unaddressed and untreated. Various underlying causes contribute to sexual pain, sometimes involving multiple factors. We explore treatment options and offer clinical insights into the evaluation and management of 4 common conditions which cause sexual pain in women. In this article, we use the term "women" to indicate cisgender women.

Objectives: Our aim is to highlight the most common clinical scenarios of sexual pain and provide comprehensive discussions on each, to improve patient care and outcomes in the management of sexual pain.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of literature and clinical cases to explore the various causes and management strategies for sexual pain in women. We systematically searched databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant medical journals. We included peer-reviewed articles, case studies, and clinical trials published between 2000 and 2023. Additionally, we analyzed real-life cases from our clinical practice at our academic institution.

Results: Our review identified various factors contributing to sexual pain in women, ranging from hormonal imbalances to neuroproliferative and inflammatory conditions affecting the genitourinary system. Each case should be approached individually to offer optimal management strategies accordingly.

Conclusion: The management of sexual pain in women requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the multifactorial nature of the condition. Patient education and counseling play a crucial role in the management of sexual pain, empowering individuals to advocate for their own health and well-being. The collaboration between healthcare providers and patients can improve our understanding and management of this complex condition.