50 公斤级、54 公斤级和 59 公斤级女子桑博摔跤运动员竞技活动指标模型

N. Boychenko, Anastasia Bezatosna, V. Shandrygos
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:建立体重不超过 50 公斤、54 公斤和 59 公斤的桑博摔跤运动员的竞技活动指标模型。材料和方法研究方法:科学和方法文献分析、竞技活动协议和录像分析、数学统计方法。对 2023 年世界锦标赛(亚美尼亚埃里温)期间体重 50 公斤以下(17 场)、54 公斤以下(15 场)、59 公斤以下(21 场)的桑博摔跤运动员的比赛进行了分析。结果显示:体重在 50 公斤以下和 54 公斤以下级别的绝大多数比赛都在规定时间内结束,而不是提前结束。相反,在 59 公斤以 下重量级别的比赛中,提前结束的比赛在积分上有所增加。对扣分次数的分析表明,大部分扣分都是由于桑博摔跤运动员消极比赛、离开工作区和违禁抓举而造成的。据统计,体重不超过 50 公斤的运动员共完成了 108 个技术动作:其中106个为站立动作,2个为倒地动作和卧地动作。桑博摔跤运动员在比赛中最常做的技术动作是:从膝盖向背后投掷(占站立技术动作总数的 47%)、腿部传球(12%)、脚停在腹部(7.5%)、前脚(7.5%)、抓住第一条腿(7%)。在俯卧姿势中,使用了两种抱法:从侧面--50 %,从顶部--43 %,其效率为 100 %。体重在 54 公斤以下的女运动员共完成了 107 个技术动作:77 个姿势动作,30 个地面姿势动作和卧姿动作。桑博摔跤运动员在比赛中最常使用的技术动作是:从膝部向后上方投掷(31%)、抓住第一条腿(10%)、"米尔 "投掷(9%)、向后上方投掷(6%)。在俯卧姿势中,最常用的技术是:肘部杠杆--47 %,膝部杠杆--33 %,头顶固定--10 %,但侧卧固定(100 %)和头顶固定(67 %)更为有效。体重在 59 公斤以下的女运动员共完成了 176 个技术动作:155个姿势动作,21个落地和卧姿动作。在格斗中,桑博摔跤运动员最常做的动作是膝盖后抛(29%)、另一条腿下的内侧勾拳(13.5%)和腿部传球(8%)。在平躺姿势中,女运动员最常使用的是肘部杠杆(53 %)、膝部杠杆(19 %)和从上往下抱摔(19 %),但横抱(100 %)和从上往下抱摔(75 %)更为有效。结论综合所有体重级别的一般数据,我们可以得出结论:桑博摔跤运动员主要是在比赛中使用从膝盖向背后投掷、向腿部投掷的姿势。女运动员在站立和卧姿时都会使用有效的组合技术和反击。研究发现,勾拳主要用作准备动作,以大腿胫骨为重点的投掷主要用于运动员的反击,单腿下的投掷用作反击。在地板上的姿势中,躺下的运动员使用倒挂、杠杆、抱摔,但最有效的是抱摔,因为它们是在对手失误的瞬间使用的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Models of indicators of competitive activity of female sambo wrestlers up to 50 kg, 54 kg, 59 kg
Purpose: to develop models of indicators of competitive activity of sambo wrestlers of weight categories up to 50 kg, 54 kg, 59 kg. Material and methods. Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodical literature, analysis of protocols and video recordings of competitive activity, methods of mathematical statistics. The fights of sambo wrestlers of weight categories up to 50 kg (17 fights), 54 kg (15 fights), 59 kg (21 fights) during the World Championships 2023 (Yerevan, Armenia) were analyzed. Results: the vast majority of fights in the weight category up to 50 kg, 54 kg, ended within the allotted time rather than ahead of schedule. In the weight category up to 59 kg, on the contrary, there is an increase in the number of fights that ended early in terms of points. The analysis of the number of remarks revealed that most of them are given to sambo wrestlers for passive fighting, for leaving the working area and for a prohibited grab. It was established that athletes of weight category up to 50 kg performed 108 technical actions of them: 106 in the stance, 2 in the floor position and lying down. Most often sambo wrestlers in a fight performed a throw behind the back from the knees (47 % of the total number of technical actions in a stand), a pass in the legs (12 %), with the stop of the foot in the stomach (7,5 %), a front foot (7,5 %), a catch of the 1st leg (7 %). In the prone position, two types of holdings were used: from the side – 50 % and from the top – 43 %, which had 100 % efficiency. Female athletes in the weight category up to 54 kg performed 107 technical actions: 77 in the stance, 30 in the floor position and lying down. Most often, sambo wrestlers in a fight performed a throw over the back from the knees (31 %), a catch of the 1st leg (10 %), a throw «Mill» (9 %), a throw over the back (6 %). In the prone position, the most commonly used techniques were: elbow lever – 47 %, knee lever – 33 %, overhead hold – 10 %, but the side hold (100 %) and overhead hold (67 %) were more effective. Female athletes in the weight category up to 59 kg performed 176 technical actions: 155 in the stance, 21 in the floor and lying down. Most often, in a fight, sambo wrestlers performed a throw from behind from the knees (29 %), a hook from the inside under a different leg (13,5 %), and a pass to the legs (8 %). In the position of a parterre, lying down most often sportswomen used: a lever of an elbow – 53 %, a lever of a knee – 19 %, a hold from above – 19 %, but the hold across (100 %) and a hold from above (75 %) turned out to be more effective. Conclusions. Summarizing the general data for all weight categories, we can conclude that sambo wrestlers mainly compete in a stance with the use of a throw behind the back from the knees, a passage to the legs. Female athletes use effective combination technique and counterattacks both in the standing and lying position. It was found that the hooks are mainly used as a preparatory action, the throw with the emphasis of the shin in the thigh mainly in the counter attack of athletes, the throw under one leg as a counterattack. In the position of the floor, lying down athletes use inverts, levers, holdings, but the most effective are holdings, as they are used at the moment of the opponent's mistake.
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