Transforming glomerulonephritis care through emerging diagnostics and therapeutics

Background: Glomerulonephritis refers to a range of conditions involving inflammation and injury to the kidneys' glomeruli, often leading to significant morbidity if left untreated. Purpose: This review aims to examine emerging advancements in the prevention and treatment of glomerulonephritis and highlight progress in transforming the prognosis of this spectrum of diseases, while also identifying gaps requiring ongoing effort. Main body: Novel targeted immunotherapies utilizing engineered delivery platforms and biologicals like monoclonal antibodies are progressing in research pipelines, potentially offering safer, more efficacious alternatives to current standard immunosuppression. High-throughput biomarker assays and AI/machine learning algorithms have demonstrated the ability to improve early detection of kidney damage and guide personalized treatment plans. Further prevention opportunities emerge from modulating microbiome-immune interactions, lifestyle factors, and vaccinations shielding against infections triggering renal disorders. Conclusion: Although challenges remain, recent advancements in unraveling the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis coupled with the emergence of cutting-edge diagnostics and targeted interventions set the stage for a new era combating the risk and progression of this spectrum of diseases.