体育和娱乐活动中的效益-风险评估:AS ISO 4980:2023 的历史发展与回顾

Standards Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI:10.3390/standards4020005
David Eager
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引用次数: 0

摘要

风险管理涉及思考如果某人暴露于某种危险中可能会发生什么,以及发生这种情况的可能性。绝大多数与风险管理有关的标准都是在职业健康与安全以及工作健康与安全的背景下编写的,目的是消除所有风险。澳大利亚在 2023 年发布了 AS ISO 4980:2023:"体育和娱乐设施、活动和设备的效益-风险评估 "标准。该标准为在体育和娱乐活动中应用风险管理提供了工具。AS ISO 4980:2023 有别于风险管理标准的传统观点,因为它提出的风险观点不仅限于将风险视为负面的,而是平衡了体育和娱乐业的正面效益和负面风险。本标准的不同之处还在于,它是专门针对体育和娱乐用户的风险,而不是针对雇员和雇主的风险。在体育和娱乐活动中,风险带来的益处与传统的风险评估方法具有同等地位。在体育和娱乐活动中,人们期望使用者在活动的益处和固有的风险(包括潜在的伤害)之间做出隐含的权衡。这种隐含的期望是,面临的风险可能是积极的。积极的风险和从犯错中学习并不局限于童年时期的发展,因为在童年时期,我们会遇到一些渐进的挑战,而这些挑战会贯穿我们的一生。本文的目的是提请公众注意 AS ISO 4980:2023 所依据的新的和不同的风险观点,并提供对效益-风险评估概念的理解。本文还讨论了以平衡的方式看待非工作场所风险的意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Benefit–Risk Assessment in Sport and Recreation: Historical Development and Review of AS ISO 4980:2023
Risk management involves thinking about what could happen if someone is exposed to a hazard and the likelihood of this event. The vast majority of standards relating to risk management were written in the context of Occupational Health and Safety, as well as Work Health and Safety with the aim of eliminating all risks. In 2023 Standards, Australia published AS ISO 4980:2023: `Benefit-risk assessment for sport and recreational facilities, activities and equipment’. This standard provides a tool for applying risk management in the context of sport and recreation. AS ISO 4980:2023 is a departure from the traditional view of risk management standards in that it presents a view of risk that is not limited to viewing risk only as negative, but rather balances positive benefits with negative risks within the sport and recreation industry. This standard is also different in that it is based specifically on risk to sport and recreational users and not to employees and employers. The benefit that risk provides in the context of sports and recreational activities is placed on an equal footing with the traditional method of assessing risk. There is an expectation in sports and recreational activities that the user is making an implicit trade-off between the benefits and the inherent risks of the activity, including the potential for harm. This implied expectation is that exposure to risk can be positive. Positive risk and learning from making mistakes are not restricted to childhood development where graduated challenges are used but extend throughout our entire life. The goal of this paper is to draw public attention to the new and different perspective of risk on which AS ISO 4980:2023 is based and to provide an understanding of the concept of benefit–risk assessment. The implications of viewing non-workplace risk in a balanced way are discussed.
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