原核生物碳水化合物发酵的广阔前景

IF 10.1 2区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY
Timothy J Hackmann
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引用次数: 0

摘要

发酵是生物在无氧环境中进行的一种新陈代谢。尽管对发酵的研究已经超过 185 年,但这种新陈代谢的多样性和复杂性现在才逐渐清晰起来。我们的综述从发酵的定义开始,该定义经过多年演变,我们将帮助进一步完善。然后,我们研究了进行发酵的生物种类及其特征。超过 1/4 的原核生物都具有发酵功能,使用 40 多种底物,并释放出 50 多种代谢终产物。这些见解来自对数千种生物记录的分析研究。接下来,我们将从生化层面探讨发酵的复杂性。我们以前所未有的细节描绘了葡萄糖发酵的途径,涵盖 120 多个生化反应。我们还回顾了最近将基因组学和酶学结合起来以揭示新途径和新酶的研究。最后,我们介绍了葡萄糖在农业、人类健康和工业中的实际应用。所有这些领域都依赖于发酵,可以通过操纵发酵微生物和酶来加以改进。我们讨论了潜在的操作方法,包括基因工程、电发酵、益生菌和酶抑制剂。我们希望我们的综述能强调发酵研究的重要性,并激励下一个 185 年的研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The vast landscape of carbohydrate fermentation in prokaryotes.

Fermentation is a type of metabolism carried out by organisms in environments without oxygen. Despite being studied for over 185 years, the diversity and complexity of this metabolism are just now becoming clear. Our review starts with the definition of fermentation, which has evolved over the years and which we help further refine. We then examine the range of organisms that carry out fermentation and their traits. Over one-fourth of all prokaryotes are fermentative, use more than 40 substrates, and release more than 50 metabolic end products. These insights come from studies analyzing records of thousands of organisms. Next, our review examines the complexity of fermentation at the biochemical level. We map out pathways of glucose fermentation in unprecedented detail, covering over 120 biochemical reactions. We also review recent studies coupling genomics and enzymology to reveal new pathways and enzymes. Our review concludes with practical applications for agriculture, human health, and industry. All these areas depend on fermentation and could be improved through manipulating fermentative microbes and enzymes. We discuss potential approaches for manipulation, including genetic engineering, electrofermentation, probiotics, and enzyme inhibitors. We hope our review underscores the importance of fermentation research and stimulates the next 185 years of study.

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来源期刊
FEMS microbiology reviews
FEMS microbiology reviews 生物-微生物学
CiteScore
17.50
自引率
0.90%
发文量
45
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Title: FEMS Microbiology Reviews Journal Focus: Publishes reviews covering all aspects of microbiology not recently surveyed Reviews topics of current interest Provides comprehensive, critical, and authoritative coverage Offers new perspectives and critical, detailed discussions of significant trends May contain speculative and selective elements Aimed at both specialists and general readers Reviews should be framed within the context of general microbiology and biology Submission Criteria: Manuscripts should not be unevaluated compilations of literature Lectures delivered at symposia must review the related field to be acceptable
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