Diagnostic values and relevant factors of lumbar posterior lesions in axial spondyloarthritis.

Objectives: To compare the lumbar posterior lesions between axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and lumbar disc herniation (LDH) patients, then their diagnostic value and related factors were evaluated.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included axSpA patients from January 2020 to September 2023. They were classified as ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA) individuals. Canada-Denmark magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring system was used to assess the defects of the lumbar spine. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was utilized to determine the value of distinguishing nr-axSpA. Linear regression analyses were adopted to find the relevant factors for lumbar posterior lesions.

Results: Ninety-six AS, 98 nr-axSpA, and 108 LDH patients were included. The Canada-Denmark scores were greater in axSpA patients, AS in particular. Furthermore, lumbar posterior lesions can distinguish AS, nr-axSpA, and LDH. Besides, lumbar posterior lesions were positively related to the similar MRI changes in their adjacent structures, but were inversely associated with the other abnormalities.

Conclusions: Lumbar posterior lesions were more serious in axSpA patients. These alterations had value in distinguishing axSpA. Lumbar posterior defects were related to their adjacent components, and they may not fully follow the MRI changing pattern of vertebral bodies and sacroiliac joints.