印度极端水文现象的驱动因素、变化和影响:综述

WIREs Water Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI:10.1002/wat2.1742
Vimal Mishra, J. S. Nanditha, Swarup Dangar, Dipesh Singh Chuphal, Urmin Vegad
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近年来,印度发生极端水文现象(干旱和洪水)的频率有所增加。密集的人口、密集的农业和快速发展的物质基础设施使印度面临极端水文的风险。然而,印度一直缺乏与极端水文现象相关的驱动因素、变化和影响的全面概述。我们研究了印度极端水文现象的关键过程以及气候和人类干预措施的作用。我们讨论了观测到的和预计的极端水文变化及其影响。虽然印度夏季季风是印度极端水文现象的主要驱动力,但人类干预(灌溉、水库蓄水和地下水抽取)在极端水文现象的变化和变异中也发挥着至关重要的作用。在未来的气候变化适应规划中,需要考虑气候变化和人类直接干预对极端水文现象的强度和影响的相对作用。由于气候变暖,观测到的极端水文现象频率和强度的增加在未来仍将持续,并将产生复合和连带影响。我们需要加强观测网络,改进水文模型,减少气候不确定性,并开发强大的早期预警系统,以适应和减缓印度的极端水文现象:水科学> 水文过程 水科学> 水极端事件 水科学> 水与环境变化
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Drivers, changes, and impacts of hydrological extremes in India: A review
The frequency of hydrological extremes (droughts and floods) has increased in recent years in India. A dense population, intensive agriculture, and rapidly developing physical infrastructure put India under the risk of hydrological extremes. However, a comprehensive overview of the drivers, changes, and impacts associated with hydrological extremes in India has been lacking. We examine the key processes and the role of climate and human interventions on hydrological extremes in India. We discuss the observed and projected changes in hydrological extremes along with their impacts. While the Indian summer monsoon is the primary driver of the hydrological extremes in India, human interventions (irrigation, reservoir storage, and groundwater pumping) play a crucial role in the changes and variability of hydrological extremes. The relative role of climate change and direct human interventions on changing the intensity and impacts of hydrological extremes need to be considered for future adaptation planning under climate change. The observed increase in the frequency and intensity of hydrological extremes will continue in the future with compound and cascading impacts due to the warming climate. We need to strengthen the observational network, improve hydrological modeling, reduce climate uncertainty, and develop robust early warning systems to adapt and mitigate hydrological extremes in India.This article is categorized under: Science of Water > Hydrological Processes Science of Water > Water Extremes Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
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