Effects of single unilaterally impacted mesiodens on maxillary central incisors: A 3D quantitative assessment based on cone-beam computed tomography.

Background: Mesiodens usually lead to the malposition and abnormal morphology of maxillary central incisors.

Aim: To evaluate the detrimental effects of single unilaterally impacted mesiodens on the three-dimensional positions and morphology of the maxillary central incisor using cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) examinations.

Design: A total of 321 patients aged 5-17 years with single unilaterally impacted mesiodens were included and divided into two groups: mixed dentition group (5-10 years) and early permanent dentition group (11-17 years). CBCT data for these patients were retrospectively analyzed to compare the inclination, rotation, angulation, and morphology of maxillary central incisors between the affected and contralateral control sides. The morphology, orientation, and spatial location of mesiodens were also assessed.

Results: Central incisors on the affected side showed significant palatal crown inclination, shorter root, shorter tooth, and greater crown-to-root ratio in both groups, whereas significant mesial crown angulation was only observed in the mixed dentition group.

Conclusion: Impacted mesiodentes result in the displacement and impaired root development of central incisors, strongly suggesting timely clinical management of these abnormal teeth, such as the early removal of mesiodens and orthodontic treatments.