Histiocitosis de células de Langerhans que simula una dacriocistitis aguda

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a myeloid neoplasm characterized by clonal neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans-type dendritic cells associated with an inflammatory infiltrate predominantly composed of lymphocytes and eosinophils. In this article, we present an unusual case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with significant swelling in the left lacrimal sac region in a 3-year-old child, clinically mimicking acute dacryocystitis. Microscopically, it showed intense inflammatory infiltrate and histiocytes with irregular nuclei. The tumor cells were positive for S-100 protein, CD1a, and CD207 (langerin). Molecular study was positive for the V600E/E2/D mutation (exon 15). This case emphasizes the importance of careful clinical, radiographic, and microscopic evaluation, as some neoplasms may mimic common benign lesions.