INFLUENCE OF METHODS OF BASIC TILLAGE AND FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF AF "KOLOS" OF THE TETYUSHSKY MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

Studies on the effect of basic tillage techniques and fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat were conducted in 2022 in the conditions of the AF "Kolos" of the Tetyushsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan, on typical chernozem soils with agrochemical characteristics for this zone: the content of humus 6.2, mobile phosphorus 153 and exchangeable potassium 149 mg per 1 kg of soil. The reaction of the soil solution is pH (salt) - 5.8 (according to the soil map and cartograms). The agro-climatic conditions of the growing season of 2022 were favorable for the growth and development of spring wheat. The timing of the onset of phenological phases, the duration of interphase periods did not depend on the methods of basic tillage, and fertilizers extended the growing season by 3 days. According to the assessment of the impact of basic tillage techniques and nutrition backgrounds on the contamination of crops, a general pattern was revealed – when using non-tillage, the level of contamination increased, and the introduction of calculated fertilizer rates increased the air-dry mass of weeds. The duration of the growing season without fertilizers was 90 days, on a fertilized background - 93 days. The best indicators of the crop structure were obtained on the option of non–fall loosening against the background of NPK by 4.0 t/ha, the number of seedlings was 470 pcs./m2, more than against the background without fertilizing by 4 pcs./m2, the number of plants for harvesting was 340 pcs./m2, (more by 19 pcs./m2), the number of productive stems – 350 pcs./ m2 (more by 23 pcs./ m2), the weight of grain from 1 ear is 1.1 g (more by 0.5 g), the weight of 1000 seeds is 42.3 g (more by 12.3 g).