有机鸡的好处--关于有机家禽生产主要特点的动物福利科学

Lina Göransson, Frida Lundmark Hedman
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摘要

现代家禽生产涉及许多重要的动物福利问题。然而,人们通常认为有机生产的动物福利要好于非有机生产,这主要是由于前者注重自然性,而欧盟的有机生产法规中也包含了这一点。本文旨在回顾相关科学文献,以评估:(i) 动物福利科学与有机家禽生产主要特征的关系,这些特征最初源于有机愿景和意识形态原因;(ii) 是否有科学证据表明,欧盟现行法规规定的这些主要特征有助于提高有机家禽生产的福利。我们确定了旨在提高有机生产中家禽福利的七个关键特征:适当的品种、不残害、户外活动、自然光、栖息空间和提高坐位、提供粗饲料和较低的饲养密度。总体而言,现有的动物福利科学支持在有机家禽生产中提高动物福利的潜力,其基础是现行欧盟法规中规定的要求。然而,仍有改进的余地,可进一步提高有机家禽生产中动物福利的一些方面包括:使用有可能提高福利的其他蛋鸡杂交品种、甚至更慢生长的肉鸡、在实践中对散养区进行适当管理以确保家禽使用、为肉鸡提供额外的升高坐位空间,以及为雏鸡使用 "暗育雏器"。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The perks of being an organic chicken – animal welfare science on the key features of organic poultry production
Modern poultry production entails a number of important animal welfare issues. However, welfare is often considered to be better in organic than in non-organic production, largely due to the focus on naturalness within the former which has been embedded within the EU regulations on organic production. The aim of this paper was to review the relevant scientific literature to assess (i) how animal welfare science relates to the key features of organic poultry production which originally stem from organic visions and ideological reasons, and (ii) whether there is scientific evidence to show that these key features, as stipulated in current EU regulations, contribute to higher welfare in organic poultry production. We identified seven key features that are intended to improve poultry welfare in organic production: appropriate breeds, no mutilations, outdoor access, natural light, perch space and raised sitting levels, provision of roughage, and lower stocking densities. In general, the animal welfare science available supports the potential for higher animal welfare in organic poultry production, based on the requirements as laid down in the current EU regulations. However, there is still room for improvement, and some aspects that may further improve animal welfare in organic poultry production include the use of alternative laying hen hybrids with the potential for better welfare, even more slow-growing broilers, appropriate management of the free-range areas in practice to ensure that they are used by the birds, additional raised sitting level space allowance for broilers, and the use of “dark brooders” for chicks.
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