Development of a Sustainable Dyeing Process for Cotton fabric Utilizing Natural Dyes from Punica granatum L. and Curcuma Longa

Pomegranate fruit grains and turmeric have naturally dyeing properties, making them nontoxic, non-allergic, and biodegradable alternatives to synthetic dyes for coloring various textiles, including cotton. This study used pomegranate and turmeric extracts to dye bleached cotton fabric using various mordants, including pre-, post-, and simultaneous mordanting techniques. The natural dyes in these extracts contains alkaloids, tannins, anthocyanins, glycosides, and curcumin, impart different colours to the fabrics. The light sensitivity of these dyes and also role of pH of the dyeing were also explored. The wide ranges of colors were obtained by varying the concentration, ratio, and pH of the extracts, as well as the choice of mordant used. Pomegranate and turmeric extracts demonstrates the potential results as sustainable dyeing and environmentally friendly dyes for cotton fabric.