The role of selenium in the functioning of components of the immune system: content analysis of modern literature

Selenium is an essential trace element. Adequate selenium intake is necessary for the optimal functioning of cellular and humoral processes in the body. A lack of selenium in the diet leads to the aggravation of the course of infectious diseases and also potentiates the occurrence of tumor diseases. This review study reveals data on the metabolic pathways of selenium, its role in the functioning of the immune system, and its antitumor and antioxidant protection. The role of selenium in the implementation of antiviral defenses in the body is discussed in detail. In conditions of selenium deficiency, many viral infections, including COVID-19, are associated with the development of an unfavorable prognosis. In particular, the problem of the occurrence of myocarditis during COVID-19 infection is considered, and data on the pathogenesis of this condition and a possible connection with selenium deficiency are summarized.