管理国外城市环境安全的经济方法:税收方面

S. Bogachov, N. I. Malis
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引用次数: 0

摘要

研究的目的是分析和推广国外用于管理城市环境安全的经济方法,并评估在俄罗斯城市实践中使用这些方法的可能性。这项工作的现实意义在于,俄罗斯大部分大城市和特大城市都面临着严重的环境问题。国外在通过使用城市环境安全管理方法解决类似问题方面积累了多年经验,这也是支持对其进行研究的论据。文章分析了经合组织国家在采取经济措施减少环境污染、确保环境平衡和城市居民舒适生活条件方面的做法。文章特别关注地方政府在环境领域的权力及其财政自主程度;欧盟国家环境税的益处,包括向低碳经济过渡;在循环经济原则和工业共生模式框架内组织生态合作,处理或利用工业和生活垃圾。在研究过程中,使用了一般科学方法和特殊方法,包括文学来源的内容分析、比较、分组、类比、系统和结构分析、逻辑概括。研究结果包括评估在俄罗斯城市环境安全管理中引进国外最佳做法的可能性并确定其条件;这些结果对专家们处理以下两个问题都很有用:制定管理决策以稳定城市环境状况、绿化地方税收制度,以及通过回收处理工业和生活垃圾的合作关系确保在动员经济中合理利用资源。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Economic Methods of Managing the Environmental Safety of Cities Abroad: Tax Aspect
The purpose of the study is to analyze and generalize the economic methods used abroad for managing the environmental safety of a city and to assess the possibility of their use in the practice of Russian cities. The relevance of the work is conditioned by the fact that a significant part of large Russian cities and megalopolises are faced with serious problems in the environmental sphere. Abroad, many years of experience have been accumulated in solving similar issues through the use of methods for managing the environmental safety of the city, which is an argument in favor of its study. The article analyzes the practice of OECD countries in applying economic measures to reduce environmental pollution, ensure environmental balance and comfortable living conditions for the city population. Particular attention is paid to the powers of local governments in the environmental sphere and the degree of their financial autonomy; the benefits of environmental taxation in EU countries, including the transition to a low-carbon economy; organization of ecological cooperation on the principles of the circular economy and within the framework of the model of industrial symbiosis for the processing or use of industrial and household waste. In the course of the work, general scientific and special methods were used, including content analysis of literary sources, comparison, grouping, analogy, systemic and structural analysis, logical generalization. The results of the study consist in assessing the possibilities and determining the conditions for introducing the best foreign practices in environmental safety management in Russian cities; they can be useful to specialists dealing with both the problems of forming management decisions to stabilize the environmental situation in the city, greening the tax system at the local level, and ensuring the rational use of resources in a mobilization economy through cooperative relations in the processing of industrial and household waste through recycling.
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