巨大的健康挑战:提升英国的健康水平

Les Mayhew, Mei Sum Chan, Andrew J. G. Cairns
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摘要

在世界范围内,国家之间和国家内部的健康不平等现象持续存在且日益加剧。英国政府解决不平等问题的旗舰政策名为 "Levelling Up"。其任务之一是缩小英格兰最健康地区和最不健康地区之间在健康预期寿命 (HLE) 方面的差距,并在 2035 年之前将整体健康预期寿命提高 5 年。我们的研究表明,吸烟是造成健康不平等的主要原因之一。我们发现,地方当局之间的健康生活水平相差 17 年,在吸烟相关疾病死亡率最高的地区,健康不良的年数往往最多。我们的目标是,假设对烟草的销售和消费进行严格控制,是否可以实现 5 年目标。我们的研究表明,从不吸烟的人在 20 岁时比现在吸烟或曾经吸烟的人多享有 6 年的健康。全面禁烟将使健康生活质量提高 2.5 年,并延长男性和女性的工作寿命。我们的结论是,尽管全面禁烟意义重大,但要完全实现目标,还需要采取其他公共卫生措施。本文简要探讨了更广泛的问题、进一步研究的建议及其国际意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

The great health challenge: levelling up the U.K.

The great health challenge: levelling up the U.K.

Around the world, there are persistent and growing health inequalities both between and within countries. The U.K. Government’s flagship policy for addressing inequalities is called ‘Levelling Up’. One of its missions is to narrow the gap in healthy life expectancy (HLE) between the healthiest and unhealthiest areas in England and to improve overall HLE by 5 years by 2035. We show that smoking is one of the major causes of health inequalities. We find a 17-year difference in HLE between local authorities, and that the number of years spent in ill health tended to be greatest in areas with the highest mortality from smoking-related disease. Our aim is to see if the 5-year target could be achieved, assuming there were drastic controls on the sale and consumption of tobacco. We show that never smokers enjoy six more years of good health at age 20 than current or ex-smokers. A complete ban on smoking would lead to a 2.5-year improvement in HLE, and also lengthen the working lives of both men and women. We conclude that while a complete tobacco ban is significant, other public health measures are needed for the full achievement of the target. The paper briefly considers wider issues and suggestions for further research and its international significance.

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