改善光合作用以提高作物产量的前景

Roberta Croce, Elizabete Carmo-Silva, Young B Cho, Maria Ermakova, Jeremy Harbinson, Tracy Lawson, Alistair J McCormick, Krishna K Niyogi, Donald R Ort, Dhruv Patel-Tupper, Paolo Pesaresi, Christine Raines, Andreas P M Weber, Xin-Guang Zhu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

光合作用是植物将光能转化为化学能的基本过程,改善光合作用是一个关键的研究领域,在提高可持续农业生产力和应对全球粮食安全挑战方面具有巨大潜力。本视角深入探讨了旨在优化光合作用效率的最新进展和方法。我们的讨论涵盖了整个过程,从光的采集及其调控开始,到电子传递这一瓶颈。然后,我们深入探讨光合作用的碳反应,重点关注针对卡尔文-本森-巴塞尔姆(CBB)循环酶的策略。此外,我们还从各种光合生物中汲取灵感,探讨了提高 Rubisco(负责 CBB 循环第一步的酶)附近二氧化碳浓度的方法。除了单个过程之外,我们还讨论了确定光合作用改进关键目标的两种方法:系统建模和自然变异研究。最后,我们重温了上文提到的一些策略,以提供一个改进的整体视角,分析它们对氮利用效率和冠层光合作用的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Perspectives on improving photosynthesis to increase crop yield
Improving photosynthesis, the fundamental process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, is a key area of research with great potential for enhancing sustainable agricultural productivity and addressing global food security challenges. This perspective delves into the latest advancements and approaches aimed at optimizing photosynthetic efficiency. Our discussion encompasses the entire process, beginning with light harvesting and its regulation and progressing through the bottleneck of electron transfer. We then delve into the carbon reactions of photosynthesis, focusing on strategies targeting the enzymes of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle. Additionally, we explore methods to increase CO2 concentration near the Rubisco, the enzyme responsible for the first step of CBB cycle, drawing inspiration from various photosynthetic organisms, and conclude this section by examining ways to enhance CO2 delivery into leaves. Moving beyond individual processes, we discuss two approaches to identifying key targets for photosynthesis improvement: systems modeling and the study of natural variation. Finally, we revisit some of the strategies mentioned above to provide a holistic view of the improvements, analyzing their impact on nitrogen use efficiency and on canopy photosynthesis.
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