预览和任务指令对视觉搜索策略选择的共同影响

IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY
Tianyu Zhang, Jessica L. Irons, Heather A. Hansen, Andrew B. Leber
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在视觉搜索过程中,人们往往会采用次优的注意力控制策略。在这里,我们要探讨的问题是,为什么人们会采用次优策略,特别是要研究有关最优策略的知识和应用这些策略的可用时间会如何影响策略的使用。我们使用了 "自适应选择视觉搜索"(ACVS),这是一项旨在评估注意力控制最优性的任务。我们使用明确的策略指令来操纵明确的策略知识,并使用显示预览来操纵应用策略的时间。在前两项实验中,策略指导提高了优化性。然而,对于没有接受策略指导的参与者来说,预览操作并没有显著提高他们的最优性。最后,在实验 3A 和 3B 中,我们联合操纵了预览和指导,并增加了样本量。预览和指导都产生了显著的主效应;此外,它们还产生了显著的交互作用,即预览时间越长,指导的有利效应就越明显。综合来看,这些结果对于理解注意力控制策略的使用具有重要意义。对最佳策略有明确认识的个体更有可能利用视觉环境中的相关信息,但前提是他们有时间这样做。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Joint contributions of preview and task instructions on visual search strategy selection

Joint contributions of preview and task instructions on visual search strategy selection

People tend to employ suboptimal attention control strategies during visual search. Here we question why people are suboptimal, specifically investigating how knowledge of the optimal strategies and the time available to apply such strategies affect strategy use. We used the Adaptive Choice Visual Search (ACVS), a task designed to assess attentional control optimality. We used explicit strategy instructions to manipulate explicit strategy knowledge, and we used display previews to manipulate time to apply the strategies. In the first two experiments, the strategy instructions increased optimality. However, the preview manipulation did not significantly boost optimality for participants who did not receive strategy instruction. Finally, in Experiments 3A and 3B, we jointly manipulated preview and instruction with a larger sample size. Preview and instruction both produced significant main effects; furthermore, they interacted significantly, such that the beneficial effect of instructions emerged with greater preview time. Taken together, these results have important implications for understanding the strategic use of attentional control. Individuals with explicit knowledge of the optimal strategy are more likely to exploit relevant information in their visual environment, but only to the extent that they have the time to do so.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
17.60%
发文量
197
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics is an official journal of the Psychonomic Society. It spans all areas of research in sensory processes, perception, attention, and psychophysics. Most articles published are reports of experimental work; the journal also presents theoretical, integrative, and evaluative reviews. Commentary on issues of importance to researchers appears in a special section of the journal. Founded in 1966 as Perception & Psychophysics, the journal assumed its present name in 2009.
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