Exploring carp scales (Cyprinus carpio L.) as a novel source of collagen for dental use: Extraction and characterization

Previous studies have shown that using bovine and pork collagen in dentistry is associated with various limitations, such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, and foot and mouth disease. This study aims to examine the extraction and characterization of collagen from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) scales, as an alternative source in dentistry. The samples used in this study consisted of common carp (C. carpio L.) scales. In the first step, common carp scales were acid-extracted and spray-dried to isolate collagen. After the collagen had been isolated, it was tested for moisture content, ash, acidity, and functional groups, with Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8076:2014 as the reference standard. The characterization parameters of the common carp scale collagen powder revealed an 11% yield, 3.66% moisture content, 0.32% ash content, and a pH of 7.38. Furthermore, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra confirmed the presence of a triple helix structure. The extraction of collagen from common carp scales using the acetic acid method and spray drying technique successfully adhered to the composition standards specified by the SNI 8076:2014. Based on these findings, common carp scales could be considered a viable collagen replacement source for applications in dentistry.