脑核中的多巴胺 D1-D5 受体:对健康和疾病的影响

Receptors Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI:10.3390/receptors3020009
I. Kawahata, David I. Finkelstein, Kohji Fukunaga
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摘要

了解多巴胺 D1-D5 受体的复杂作用对于应对全球人口老龄化以及社会压力带来的挑战和推进治疗干预措施至关重要。多巴胺受体是运动、认知、动机和奖赏等多种大脑功能的核心,广泛分布于大脑的各个核团。这篇综合性综述探讨了每种多巴胺受体(D1、D2、D3、D4 和 D5)在不同脑区的细微功能,阐明了多种神经和精神疾病中出现的改变。从对运动控制和奖赏处理至关重要的黑质和腹侧被盖区,到影响情绪反应、动机和认知功能的边缘系统,每个脑核都显示了多巴胺受体的特定参与。此外,多巴胺受体的遗传变异会影响患精神分裂症和帕金森症的风险。该综述进一步研究了多巴胺受体在前额叶皮层、下丘脑和纹状体等关键区域的生理意义和致病影响。通过揭示多巴胺受体生物学的复杂性,特别是那些集中在不同大脑核的多巴胺受体,这篇综述为了解它们在健康和疾病中的不同作用奠定了基础,这对于开发旨在减轻衰老和精神健康对神经健康影响的靶向治疗策略至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Dopamine D1–D5 Receptors in Brain Nuclei: Implications for Health and Disease
Understanding the intricate role of dopamine D1–D5 receptors is pivotal in addressing the challenges posed by the aging global population, as well as by social stress and advancing therapeutic interventions. Central to diverse brain functions such as movement, cognition, motivation, and reward, dopamine receptors are ubiquitously distributed across various brain nuclei. This comprehensive review explores the nuanced functions of each dopamine receptor, D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5, in distinct brain regions, elucidating the alterations witnessed in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. From the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, crucial for motor control and reward processing, to the limbic system influencing emotional responses, motivation, and cognitive functions, each brain nucleus reveals a specific involvement of dopamine receptors. In addition, genetic variations in dopamine receptors affect the risk of developing schizophrenia and parkinsonism. The review further investigates the physiological significance and pathogenic impacts of dopamine receptors in critical areas like the prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, and striatum. By unraveling the complexities of dopamine receptor biology, especially those focused on different brain nuclei, this review provides a foundation for understanding their varied roles in health and disease, which is essential for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating the impact of aging and mental health on neurological well-being.
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