国家管理可持续发展的现代机制

Fuyuan Xi
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摘要

目的分析当代可持续发展(SD)公共治理机制,重点关注能源转型和气候议程。重点关注中国和俄罗斯采取的战略和做法,比较其实现可持续发展目标的方法;考察国际经验,分析可再生能源(RES)和去碳化的投资;审查这些领域已通过的法规和管理战略;研究旨在增加可再生能源份额和减少二氧化碳排放的国家和国际战略、立法和做法;评估为管理可持续发展所采取措施的有效性(特别关注电子方法。本文基于对国际组织报告数据、政府机构统计数据的分析,以及对国家战略和立法的审查。对不同国家可再生能源管理、气候政策和去碳化的机制和结果进行了比较。尽管方法和战略重点不同,俄罗斯和中国都在为加快向可持续能源系统过渡和减少温室气体排放做出巨大努力。然而,中国在可再生能源政策和气候倡议方面表现得更为积极和雄心勃勃,而俄罗斯则处于这一进程的早期阶段。强调了全球和区域合作在分享经验和技术以实现可持续发展目标方面的重要性。俄罗斯和中国都显示出对可持续发展监管需求的日益增长的理解,但其方法和战略因内部和外部因素而有所不同。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Modern mechanisms of state management of sustainable development
Aim. To analyze contemporary mechanisms of public governance of sustainable development (SD) with a focus on the energy transition and climate agenda.Objectives. To focus on strategies and practices adopted in China and Russia, comparing their approaches to achieving SD goals; to examine international experience, analyze investments in renewable energy sources (RES) and decarbonization; to review adopted regulations and management strategies in these areas; to study national and international strategies, legislation and practices aimed at increasing the share of RES and reducing carbon dioxide emissions; to assess the effectiveness of measures taken to manage SD (with special attention to the eMethods. This article is based on the analysis of data from reports of international organizations, statistical data of governmental bodies, as well as on the review of national strategies and legislation. Mechanisms and results of RES management, climate policy and decarbonization in different countries are compared.Results. Despite differences in approaches and strategic priorities, both Russia and China are making significant efforts to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy systems and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, China demonstrates a more active and ambitious RE policy and climate initiatives, while Russia is at an early stage of this process.Conclusions. The importance of global and regional cooperation in sharing experiences and technologies to achieve SD goals is emphasized. Both Russia and China demonstrate a growing understanding of the need to regulate SD, but their approaches and strategies differ depending on internal and external factors.
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