大量中子星低质量 X 射线双星具有较长的爆发复现时间?

E. Meyer-Hofmeister, Huaqing Cheng, B. F. Liu
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摘要

带有中子星的低质量 X 射线双星(LMXBs)显示出截然不同的特征,这取决于来自供体星的质量转移率。转移率高时,Z 源处于持续的软光谱状态;转移率适中时,瞬态阿托环源就会像黑洞 X 射线双星一样出现爆发周期。观测结果表明,很多星源的爆发周期都很长。我们通过计算跟踪了吸积盘的演变过程,直到电离不稳定性开始出现。对于质量转移率较低的星源,由于物质不断从圆盘蒸发到日冕流,物质在圆盘中的积累基本上减少了。不同的质量转移率导致爆发时积累的物质数量几乎相同,这意味着爆发周期短的源和爆发周期长的源的爆发特性相似,这与某些预期相反。那么,在重复周期长的系统中,被探测到的源会更少,LMXB 的总数可能比表面上看起来的要大。这将缓解一个明显的问题,即观测到的作为毫秒脉冲星(MSP)祖先的 LMXB 的数量与 MSP 的数量相比太少了。关于少数几个具有长达一年的软状态的准恒星源,我们认为这些状态并不是爆发,而是像 Z 源那样的准稳态热状态。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A large population of neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries with long outburst recurrence time?
Low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) with neutron stars show quite different features which depend on the rate of mass transfer from the donor star. With a high transfer rate the Z sources are in a persistent soft spectral state, with a moderate rate the transient Atoll sources have outburst cycles like the black hole X-ray binaries. The observations document very long outburst recurrence times for quite a number of sources. We follow with our computations the evolution of the accretion disc until the onset of the ionization instability. For sources with a low mass transfer rate the accumulation of matter in the disc is essentially reduced due to the continuous evaporation of matter from the disc to the coronal flow. Different mass transfer rates result in nearly the same amount of matter accumulated for the outburst which means the outburst properties are similar for sources with short and sources with long outburst cycles, contrary to some expectations. Then of systems with long recurrence time less sources will be detected and the total population of LMXBs could be larger than it appears. This would relieve the apparent problem that the observed number of LMXBs as progenitors of millisecond pulsars (MSP) is too small compared to the number of MSP. Concerning the few quasi-persistent sources with year-long soft states we argue that these states are not outbursts, but quasi-stationary hot states as in Z sources.
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