农场收割时机对美国西部中山区苜蓿象鼻虫的影响

J. Herreid, Tatyana A. Rand, Darren M. Cockrell, F. Peairs, Randa Jabbour
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摘要

紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)是美国西部中山区的重要经济作物。苜蓿象鼻虫(Hypera postica Gyllenhal)是该地区苜蓿生产者关注的主要问题。杀虫剂抗药性的发展加上农药使用法规的变化,使生产者对文化控制等非化学防治方法重新产生了兴趣。其中一种文化控制方法是提早收割,即生产者在收获季节提早收割,以减少紫花苜蓿象鼻虫的危害。这种方法被认为是有效的,因为它能让象鼻虫幼虫在遭受重大损失之前就暴露在不利条件下。不过,由于建议往往含糊不清,因此很难采用早期收割。为了更好地了解早期收割对苜蓿象鼻虫及其天敌的影响,以及美国西部山间地区的生产者是如何使用这种方法的,我们在科罗拉多州、蒙大拿州和怀俄明州的苜蓿产地进行了一项研究,历时三个生长季。我们发现,最初收割紫花苜蓿的时间跨度超过 1 个月,收割时紫花苜蓿的植株阶段从生长后期到开花初期不等。收割越早,对降低苜蓿象鼻虫密度的影响越大。及时清除风车可能有助于进一步降低紫花苜蓿象鼻虫的密度。收割时间与苜蓿象鼻虫的寄生率无关,但较高的寄生率与较低的收割后苜蓿象鼻虫密度有关。这项工作提高了我们对农场早期收割的认识,并改进了对美国西部山间地区生产者的建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
On-farm harvest timing effects on alfalfa weevil across the Intermountain West region of the United States
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an economically important commodity in the Intermountain Western United States. A major concern for alfalfa producers in this region is the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica Gyllenhal). Insecticide resistance development coupled with regulatory changes in pesticide use has resulted in renewed interest by producers in non-chemical control methods such as cultural control. One such cultural control method is early harvest, which consists of producers timing their harvests early in the season to decrease alfalfa weevil damage. This method is thought to be effective by exposing weevil larvae to adverse conditions before significant damage occurs. Still, early harvest can be difficult to employ because recommendations are often vague. To better understand how early harvest impacts both alfalfa weevils and their natural enemies and how producers are using this method across the Intermountain Western United States, we conducted a study in alfalfa production fields in Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming over three growing seasons. We determined that the timing of the initial alfalfa harvest spanned more than 1 month across fields, and alfalfa plant stage at harvest ranged from late vegetative to early bloom. Harvest was more impactful on reducing alfalfa weevil densities the earlier it was implemented. Removing windrows in a timely manner is likely useful to further decrease alfalfa weevil densities. Harvest timing was not associated with parasitism rates of alfalfa weevil, but higher parasitism rates were associated with lower post-harvest alfalfa weevil densities. This work has increased our understanding of early harvest in an on-farm setting and to improve recommendations for producers across the Intermountain Western United States.
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