Christina M. Juchem, Antonia Bendau, Leonie C. Bandurski, Nico J. Reich, Saskia Baumgardt, Eva Asselmann
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引用次数: 0
摘要
大量使用药物(SU)和药物使用失调(SUD)的病因复杂,后果往往严重。某些人格特质与 SU(D)风险的增加有关,但与 SU(D)相关的人格变化却鲜为人知。本综述旨在总结有关这一研究问题的现有文献。从 2022 年 11 月到 2023 年 2 月,我们在 PubMed、EbscoHost 和 Web of Science 上进行了系统的文献检索。经同行评审的关于 SU(D) 相关人格改变的原创论文被纳入其中。在纳入的 55 项研究中,38 项为基于人群的观察性研究,17 项为干预性研究。总体而言,人格和 SU 的测量方法、样本、研究设计和统计方法存在很大差异。在观察性研究中,较高的 SU 与冲动相关特质和(较低的)神经质的增加最为一致,而在 SU(D)背景下的干预则主要与自觉性和自我效能感的增加以及神经质的持续下降相关。与外向性、开放性、自觉性和合意性相关的特质的研究结果不一,取决于 SU 测量和年龄。关于双向关联的研究表明,人格和 SU(D)会随着时间的推移相互影响。由于冲动相关特质与 SU(D)密切相关,它们可能是干预措施的重要目标点。未来的工作可能会研究与 SU(D)相关的人格变化的内在机制,将物质特异性影响与戒断、渴求和失控等与 SU(D)相关的一般过程区分开来。此外,还需要开展更多的研究,探讨与 SU(D)相关的人格变化是否会因发展阶段和临床特征(如初次使用、发病、缓解和复发)的不同而有所变化。
Personality changes related to presence and treatment of substance use (disorders): a systematic review
Heavy substance use (SU) and substance use disorders (SUD) have complex etiologies and often severe consequences. Certain personality traits have been associated with an increased risk for SU(D), but far less is known about personality changes related to SU(D). This review aims to synthesize the existing literature on this research question. A systematic literature search was conducted from November 2022 to February 2023 in PubMed, EbscoHost, and Web of Science. Peer-reviewed original papers on SU(D)-related personality changes were included. Of 55 included studies, 38 were observational population-based studies and 17 were intervention studies. Overall, personality and SU measures, samples, study designs, and statistical approaches were highly heterogenous. In observational studies, higher SU was most consistently related to increases in impulsivity-related traits and (less so) neuroticism, while interventions in the context of SU(D) were mostly associated with increases in conscientiousness and self-efficacy and lasting decreases in neuroticism. Findings for traits related to extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were mixed and depended on SU measure and age. Studies on bidirectional associations suggest that personality and SU(D) both influence each other over time. Due to their strong association with SU(D), impulsivity-related traits may be important target points for interventions. Future work may investigate the mechanisms underlying personality changes related to SU(D), distinguishing substance-specific effects from general SU(D)-related processes like withdrawal, craving, and loss of control. Furthermore, more research is needed to examine whether SU(D)-related personality changes vary by developmental stage and clinical features (e.g. initial use, onset, remission, and relapse).
期刊介绍:
Now in its fifth decade of publication, Psychological Medicine is a leading international journal in the fields of psychiatry, related aspects of psychology and basic sciences. From 2014, there are 16 issues a year, each featuring original articles reporting key research being undertaken worldwide, together with shorter editorials by distinguished scholars and an important book review section. The journal''s success is clearly demonstrated by a consistently high impact factor.