The adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies by using the technology organizational environment framework: The mediating role to manufacturing performance in a developing country

The study aspires to identify the factors conditioning the adaptation of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) within the manufacturing industries in Bangladesh, embracing Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technology led by the technology-organizational-environment (TOE) framework that links a number of conditioning variables in the manufacturing industries of Bangladesh. I4.0 is going to drastically change the landscape of the extended TOE framework to relate demographics with research variables for implementing I4.0 technology in a developing country. The findings of the study are analyzed using SMART PLS SEM 4.0 and SPSS 29 in order to diagnose technological contexts (IT resource availability, technology readiness, and relative advantage), organizational contexts (strategy and leadership, organizational capabilities, and technology infrastructure), and environmental contexts (market pressure, government support, and technology innovation decision making). The study's data, which were collected with a bootstrap confidence range of 95%, offered evidence in favor of both proposed mediating effects. A statistically significant indirect effect of adaptation of I4.0 technology on manufacturing/industry performance was seen in the analysis. This study is conducted to examine the mediating function of manufacturing performance, which enhances the comprehensiveness of the study. Through the application of the TOE framework, this study investigates the impact of I4.0 technology adoption on manufacturing performance. The theoretical framework of the study has been validated by the TOE model, which aims to heighten manufacturing performance by integrating I4.0. The practical implications of this study, organizations, governments, and practitioners engaged in the implementation of I4.0 technologies within developing nation contexts.