觅食鸟类认知表型、社会网络位置和社会关联分布的时空变化

IF 1.9 2区 生物学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
A. M. Pitera, V. K. Heinen, J. F. Welklin, C. L. Branch, B. R. Sonnenberg, L. M. Benedict, E. S. Bridge, V. V. Pravosudov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要 如果动物根据表型特征非随机地结伴而行,那么表型变异可能会影响社会结构。对于依赖认知生存的动物来说,认知能力的差异也可能影响社会结构。认知能力较差的个体可能会优先与认知能力较强的同种动物交往,或更加合群,或两者兼而有之,从而获得资源。气候条件会影响资源的可获得性,这也可能会影响分类或聚群的相对收益,从而导致社会模式的时空变化。我们利用5年的数据,研究了在海拔较高的严酷环境和海拔较低的温和环境中栖息的觅食山鸡(Poecile gambeli)的空间认知能力分类以及社会性与空间认知之间的关联。高海拔环境的越冬严酷程度不同,在最严酷的冬季,与空间学习和记忆能力较差的雏鸟相比,空间学习和记忆能力较强的高海拔雏鸟的群居性较差,社会分化(或选择性)较低,但没有根据这些特征进行分类。在另外两个季节,包括第二个最严酷的冬季,认知灵活性较低的高海拔秧鸡比认知灵活性较高的秧鸡表现出更大的社会分化。仅在这两个季节,秧鸡的空间学习和记忆能力就出现了负分化。来自低海拔地区的秧鸡只有在第二个最严酷的冬季才表现出负分化。我们的研究表明,在特定的环境条件下,山地雏鸟的社会行为可能与空间认知能力有关,因为山地雏鸟主要依靠空间认知能力越冬生存,但总体而言,认知能力似乎并不影响社会行为。在出现模式的几年中,它们符合三种趋势:1)空间认知能力较差的秧鸡更合群;2)空间认知能力较差的秧鸡更挑剔;和/或3)秧鸡与空间认知能力不同的社会伙伴的联系更强,而与认知能力相似的社会伙伴的联系较弱。虽然尚不清楚这些模式是在什么具体情况下出现的,但它们与极端降雪同时出现,表明空间认知能力较差的个体会改变其社会行为,以缓冲在极端情况下相对较大的饥饿风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Spatiotemporal variation in cognitive phenotype, social network position, and distribution of social associations in a food-caching bird

Spatiotemporal variation in cognitive phenotype, social network position, and distribution of social associations in a food-caching bird

Abstract

Phenotypic variation may influence social structure if animals associate nonrandomly based on phenotypic traits. For animals that rely on cognition for survival, variation in cognitive ability may also affect social structure. Individuals with worse cognitive abilities could benefit from preferentially associating with conspecifics with better cognition, from being more gregarious, or both, allowing them access to resources. Climatic conditions influence resource availability, which may also affect the relative benefits of assortment or gregariousness, resulting in spatiotemporal variation of social patterns. Using 5 years of data, we investigated assortment by spatial cognitive ability and associations between sociality and spatial cognition in food-caching mountain chickadees, Poecile gambeli, inhabiting harsher environments at higher elevations and milder environments at lower elevations. Elevation environments differ in overwinter severity and in the harshest winter, high elevation chickadees with better spatial learning and memory abilities were less gregarious and showed lower social differentiation (or choosiness) than those with worse spatial learning and memory abilities but did not assort based on these traits. In two other seasons, including the second harshest winter, high elevation chickadees that were less cognitively flexible showed more social differentiation than those that were more cognitively flexible. In these two seasons alone, chickadees negatively assorted by spatial learning and memory performance. Chickadees from low elevations only demonstrated negative assortment in the second harshest winter. All other results were nonsignificant, suggesting that overall, individual spatial cognitive abilities or those of their associates have little influence on social preferences.

Significance statement

We showed that under certain environmental conditions, social behavior may be related to spatial cognitive abilities in mountain chickadees that rely heavily on spatial cognition for overwinter survival, but that overall, cognition does not appear to influence social behavior. In the few years that patterns were present, they fit three trends: 1) chickadees with worse spatial cognitive abilities were more gregarious; 2) chickadees with worse spatial cognitive abilities were choosier; and/or 3) chickadees had stronger associations with social partners that had spatial cognitive abilities that differed from their own and weaker associations with those of similar cognitive abilities. While it is unclear under which specific circumstances these patterns emerge, they coincided with extreme snowfall, suggesting that individuals with worse spatial cognition alter their social behavior to buffer against their relatively greater risk of starvation under extenuating circumstances.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
8.70%
发文量
146
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes reviews, original contributions and commentaries dealing with quantitative empirical and theoretical studies in the analysis of animal behavior at the level of the individual, group, population, community, and species.
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