研究伦理与人工智能促进全球健康：全球研究生物伦理论坛的观点

IF 3 1区哲学 Q1 ETHICS

BMC Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI:10.1186/s12910-024-01044-w

James Shaw, Joseph Ali, Caesar A. Atuire, Phaik Yeong Cheah, Armando Guio Español, Judy Wawira Gichoya, Adrienne Hunt, Daudi Jjingo, Katherine Littler, Daniela Paolotti, Effy Vayena

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引用次数: 0

摘要

人工智能（AI）在医疗保健和公共卫生领域的伦理管理仍然是政策、研究和实践中亟需关注的问题。在本文中，我们将报告 2022 年 11 月在南非开普敦举行的全球研究生物伦理论坛（GFBR）上提出的与促进全球卫生领域人工智能研究伦理的挑战和战略有关的核心主题。全球研究领域生物伦理论坛是由世界卫生组织主办的年度会议，并得到了惠康基金会、美国国立卫生研究院、英国医学研究理事会（MRC）和南非医学研究理事会的支持。论坛旨在汇聚伦理学家、研究人员、决策者、研究伦理委员会成员和其他参与者，共同应对与研究伦理具体相关的挑战和机遇。2022 年，GFBR 论坛的重点是 "全球健康研究中的人工智能伦理"。论坛包括 6 个案例研究报告、16 个治理报告以及一系列小组和大组讨论。共有来自全球 31 个国家的 87 名与会者参加了论坛，他们分别代表了生物伦理学、人工智能、卫生政策、卫生专业实践、研究经费和生物信息学等学科。在本文中，我们将重点介绍 2022 年全球生物伦理学论坛的核心观点。我们阐述了论坛提出的四个主题观点的重要意义：(1) 建立人工智能的适当性，(2) 人工智能系统的可移植性，(3) 人工智能决策和结果的责任，以及 (4) 个人同意。然后，我们介绍了针对治理领导者的八项建议，以加强全球健康研究中的人工智能伦理治理，解决人工智能影响评估、环境价值和公平伙伴关系等问题。2022 年全球研究生物伦理论坛展示了全球健康研究人工智能伦理治理方面的几项创新，以及国际上亟需关注的几个领域。本摘要旨在为国际和国内加强研究伦理的努力提供信息，并支持治理领导力的发展，以满足全球健康研究对人工智能的需求。

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Research ethics and artificial intelligence for global health: perspectives from the global forum on bioethics in research

The ethical governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in health care and public health continues to be an urgent issue for attention in policy, research, and practice. In this paper we report on central themes related to challenges and strategies for promoting ethics in research involving AI in global health, arising from the Global Forum on Bioethics in Research (GFBR), held in Cape Town, South Africa in November 2022. The GFBR is an annual meeting organized by the World Health Organization and supported by the Wellcome Trust, the US National Institutes of Health, the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the South African MRC. The forum aims to bring together ethicists, researchers, policymakers, research ethics committee members and other actors to engage with challenges and opportunities specifically related to research ethics. In 2022 the focus of the GFBR was “Ethics of AI in Global Health Research”. The forum consisted of 6 case study presentations, 16 governance presentations, and a series of small group and large group discussions. A total of 87 participants attended the forum from 31 countries around the world, representing disciplines of bioethics, AI, health policy, health professional practice, research funding, and bioinformatics. In this paper, we highlight central insights arising from GFBR 2022. We describe the significance of four thematic insights arising from the forum: (1) Appropriateness of building AI, (2) Transferability of AI systems, (3) Accountability for AI decision-making and outcomes, and (4) Individual consent. We then describe eight recommendations for governance leaders to enhance the ethical governance of AI in global health research, addressing issues such as AI impact assessments, environmental values, and fair partnerships. The 2022 Global Forum on Bioethics in Research illustrated several innovations in ethical governance of AI for global health research, as well as several areas in need of urgent attention internationally. This summary is intended to inform international and domestic efforts to strengthen research ethics and support the evolution of governance leadership to meet the demands of AI in global health research.

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来源期刊

BMC Medical Ethics MEDICAL ETHICS-

CiteScore

5.20

自引率

7.40%

发文量

108

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： BMC Medical Ethics is an open access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research articles in relation to the ethical aspects of biomedical research and clinical practice, including professional choices and conduct, medical technologies, healthcare systems and health policies.