Extreme massive hydraulic fracturing in deep coalbed methane horizontal wells: A case study of the Linxing Block, eastern Ordos Basin, NW China

Deep coal seams show low permeability, low elastic modulus, high Poisson’s ratio, strong plasticity, high fracture initiation pressure, difficulty in fracture extension, and difficulty in proppants addition. We proposed the concept of large-scale stimulation by fracture network, balanced propagation and effective support of fracture network in fracturing design and developed the extreme massive hydraulic fracturing technique for deep coalbed methane (CBM) horizontal wells. This technique involves massive injection with high pumping rate + high-intensity proppant injection + perforation with equal apertures and limited flow + temporary plugging and diverting fractures + slick water with integrated variable viscosity + graded proppants with multiple sizes. The technique was applied in the pioneering test of a multi-stage fracturing horizontal well in deep CBM of Linxing Block, eastern margin of the Ordos Basin. The injection flow rate is 18 m³/min, proppant intensity is 2.1 m³/m, and fracturing fluid intensity is 16.5 m³/m. After fracturing, a complex fracture network was formed, with an average fracture length of 205 m. The stimulated reservoir volume was 1 987×10⁴ m³, and the peak gas production rate reached 6.0×10⁴ m³/d, which achieved efficient development of deep CBM.