Psychological determinants and technology acceptance in mobile learning for overseas students studying Chinese in China: A self-determination theory perspective

Emerging research in language education increasingly recognizes the transformative potential of mobile learning. Anchored in Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study employed Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to investigate how psychological factors—specifically perceived competence, autonomy, and relatedness—affect overseas students studying Chinese in China. It examined the interaction of these factors with Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) in mobile learning environments and their impact on learners' satisfaction and intention to continue using these learning platforms. Involving 515 participants in a bilingual online survey, the research delved into the dynamics of these psychological determinants on learners' attitudes towards mobile learning technologies. The SEM analysis revealed a complex interplay, where competence, autonomy, and relatedness significantly forecast PU and PEU, thereby shaping learner satisfaction and commitment to ongoing use. The findings highlighted the critical role of social interaction, cultural exchange, and personalized learning experiences in enhancing mobile learning effectiveness. Implications of the findings were discussed to enhance learner engagement and educational achievement in Chinese language learning.