发现一个年轻的国家二十年代苏联的外国体育代表团

IF 0.2 Q4 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
A. M. Glushich
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引用次数: 0

摘要

20 世纪 20 年代,外国代表团对苏联的访问是展示新生苏维埃国家成就的一个重要而又具有挑战性的途径。本文利用俄罗斯国家社会政治历史档案(F.537,inv.2)中以前未曾探索过的资料,研究了接待这些客人所采用的策略。文章探讨了他们的行程规划和休闲活动,旨在了解苏联体育领导人如何在国家形成的早期阶段,巧妙地掩盖各种不足(尤其是经济和基础设施方面),并突出体育和文化方面的成就,通过表面上的非政治机构来塑造苏联积极的全球形象。一次精心策划的访问可以完美地融合四个关键要素:体育(比赛)、文化(戏剧、电影、观光)、日常生活(与苏联工人的直接交流)和团队娱乐。只要执行得当,这些访问就能获得积极的国际反馈,从而提高苏联作为首届社会主义国家的全球声望。这成为 20 世纪 20 年代末苏联体育外交的主要目标,标志着苏联在打破国际孤立方面迈出了重要一步。代表团之间的灌输程度差异很大:欧洲无产者经常参观对十月革命具有重要意义的遗址,而来自东方的客人则主要了解该国的文化面貌。尽管红色体育国际给予了鼓励,但代表团很少走出莫斯科、列宁格勒、哈尔科夫和敖德萨等主要城市中心,因为到外省参观是不可行的。此外,即使在这些重要城市,参观者也会遇到组织方面的挑战,如交通不便、经济支持不足、食品供应问题等,这些都削弱了宣传工作的效果。这些缺陷在很大程度上归因于苏联体育外交的头十年缺乏接待外宾的标准协议,以及国家基础设施发展的总体不平衡。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Discovering a Young State: Foreign Sports Delegations in the USSR during the 1920s
In the 1920s, visits by foreign delegations to the USSR served as a crucial yet challenging avenue for showcasing the achievements of the nascent Soviet state. Drawing on previously unexplored materials from the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (F. 537, inv. 2), this article examines the strategies employed in hosting these guests. It explores the planning of their itineraries and leisure activities, aiming to understand how Soviet sports leaders, during the early stages of state formation, skillfully concealed various shortcomings (especially economic and infrastructural) and highlighted sports and cultural triumphs to craft a positive global image of the USSR through what was ostensibly a non-political institution.Soviet physical education leaders did not shy away from inviting foreign teams to the country; instead, they actively welcomed all interested parties who could manage the journey. An ideally orchestrated visit seamlessly integrated four key elements: sports (the competitions), culture (theater, cinema, sightseeing), daily life (direct interaction with Soviet workers), and team recreation. When executed well, these visits garnered positive international feedback, thereby enhancing the USSR's global prestige as the inaugural socialist state. This became the primary objective of Soviet sports diplomacy in the late 1920s, marking a significant stride in breaking through international isolation.However, these visits were not without limitations and challenges. The level of indoctrination varied significantly among delegations: while European proletarians often visited sites significant to the October Revolution, guests from the East were predominantly exposed to the country's cultural facets. Despite the Red Sports International's encouragement, delegations rarely ventured beyond major urban centers like Moscow, Leningrad, Kharkov, and Odessa, as provincial visits were not feasible. Furthermore, even in these key cities, visitors encountered organizational challenges such as transportation difficulties, inadequate economic support, and issues with food provision, which diminished the effectiveness of propaganda efforts. These shortcomings were largely attributable to the absence of a standardized protocol for receiving foreign guests during the first decade of Soviet sports diplomacy and the general uneven infrastructural development of the country.
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来源期刊
MGIMO Review of International Relations
MGIMO Review of International Relations INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS-
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
46
审稿时长
12 weeks
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