Hippophae Rhamnoides L. Botanical, Medicinal, Traditional, and Current Use of Plant and Fruits: A Review

Scientific research on medicinal plants is increasing day by day. Hippophae rhamnoides L. is a medicinal plant, which belongs to the family of L. Elaeagnaceae, and is consumed as a medicinal and food at the same time. It is a type of plant in the form of a bush with thorny, nitrogen-fixing roots and fruit that grows in cold and arid regions. It is native to and widely found in cold temperate regions of Europe and Asia. The species differ in their phytochemical compositions, depending on the climate and the soil they grow in. Due to its rich chemical composition, it has been used in traditional medicine for centuries as herbal medicine, health promoter, and food additive. Hippophae rhamnoides L. plant; It has attracted worldwide attention due to the presence of different types of nutrients and bioactive compounds such as vitamins, amino acids, fatty acids, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and micro and macro elements, including its leaves, fruits, and seeds. Hippophae rhamnoides L. contains phytochemicals besides reducing platelet aggregation, blood pressure, and blood sugar; It has been reported to have a wide range of activities ranging from anticarcinogen, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, antihistaminic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, gastroprotective, cardioprotective and radioprotective potential. In addition, it is promising to be used as an alternative support for the treatment of diseases such as skin burns and atopic dermatitis, since it protects and regulates cell metabolism and has a protective effect on skin cells. Hippophae rhamnoides L., which has economic value with the rich components it contains, is used in the medical, food, and cosmetic industries, while at the same time, it is used as a feed additive for animals and to prevent the destruction of the field by flood waters for ecological purposes. Studies on the plant Hippophae rhamnoides L. are important due to the use of a wide spectrum. The aim of this review is to give information about the botanical, medicinal, traditional and current uses of the fruit and plant of Hippophae rhamnoides L.