哈萨克斯坦共和国西南部地区骆驼奶牛生产率的现状和提高途径

Nuradin Alibaev, Konysbay Abdullaev, Galymzhan Abuov, Meirambek Yermakhanov, Bakytzhan A. Azhibekov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

提高骆驼的产奶量是许多国家的当务之急,因为这些国家非常重视骆驼作为乳制品和肉类的来源。这项研究的目的是通过基因分型、研究系谱结构和选择具有高生产力的相关群体,来评估和选择重型产奶骆驼进行育种。为实现这一目标,在 2020-2022 年期间对哈萨克斯坦西南部地区的骆驼群数量进行了监测,以研究其外部特征、活重动态和产奶量。结果发现,12 个月泌乳期的母骆驼中,阿尔瓦纳品种的平均日产奶量为 7.4 公斤,泌乳期产奶量为 2682.8 公斤;双峰驼品种的平均日产奶量为 5.8 公斤,泌乳期产奶量为 1186.3 公斤。研究还发现,阿尔瓦纳骆驼群有 15 头种驼,双峰驼群有 14 头种驼,其特点是有足够数量的后代供选育,以提高骆驼的生产性能。此外,研究还发现,在阿尔瓦纳骆驼群中,"Tekele-lek"、"Kara-lek"、"Zhana-lek"、"Mayakum-lek"、"Yrys-lek "和 "Shilikti-lek "种骆驼的后代、以及双峰驼群中的 "Bal-bura"、"Kulsary-bura"、"Zhas-bura"、"Taushyk-II-bura"、"Sakon-bura"、"Konai-bura "和 "Kulandy-bura "的产奶量都很高。研究发现,Arvana 品种骆驼的乳汁中,非脂乳固体含量为 8.3%,密度为 27.66 g/cm 3,酸度为 19.0 T;双峰驼品种骆驼的乳汁中,这些指标分别为 8.23%、27.81 g/cm 3、19.0 T:所获得的结果具有重要的实际意义,因为这些结果可用于创建管理骆驼群的新方法和技术,从而有助于提高骆驼的奶制品生产率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Current state and ways to increase the dairy productivity of camels in the south-western region of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Increasing the dairy productivity of camels is an urgent task for many countries where these animals are of great importance as a source of dairy and meat. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and select heavy milk-producing camels for breeding by genotyping, studying the genealogical structure, and selecting related groups with high productivity. To achieve this goal, the number of camel herds in the south-western region of Kazakhstan was monitored during 2020–2022 to study their external characteristics, live weight dynamics, and milk productivity. As a result, it was found that in female camels for 12 months of lactation, the average daily milk yields of the Arvana breed were 7.4 kg, with milk yield for lactation of 2682.8 kg of milk, and in the Bactrian breed with average daily milk yields of 5.8 kg of milk, milk yield for lactation was 1186.3 kg. It was also revealed that the herds of Arvana camels have 15 breeders, and the herds of Bactrian camels have 14 breeders, which are characterised by a sufficient number of offspring for selection and breeding to improve the productive qualities of animals. In addition, it was found that in the herds of Arvana camels, the descendants of the breeders of “Tekele-lek”, “Kara-lek”, “Zhana-lek”, “Mayakum-lek”, “Yrys-lek” and “Shilikti-lek”, and in the herds of Bactrian camels, “Bal-bura”, “Kulsary-bura”, “Zhas-bura”, “Taushyk-II-bura”, “Sakon-bura”, “Konai-bura”, and “Kulandy-bura” noted high milk productivity. It was found that in the milk of camels of the Arvana breed, the content of nonfat milk solids was 8.3%, the density was 27.66 g/cm 3 , the acidity was 19 0 T, in the milk of the Bactrian breed, these indicators were, respectively: 8.23%, 27.81 g/cm, 3 and 19 0 T. The results obtained are of great practical importance, as they can be applied to create new methods and technologies for managing camel herds that will help increase their dairy productivity.
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