A Review Summary on Various Cluster-Head Selection Improvement Techniques for LEACH-Based Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

In present days, wireless sensor network (WSN) plays an important role in the domain of networks because of its vast applications in various fields. Sensor nodes (SNs) or nodes which are infinitesimally small in sizes are involved in the functioning of WSN for observing and monitoring the environmental phenomena by deploying these nodes in the region of interest. These tiny nodes are energy constrained and also have limited resources. Hence, various cluster-based routing techniques have been developed to optimise the energy utilisation of sensor nodes for extending network lifespan. LEACH is one of the most eminent cluster-based protocols where many derivative protocols have been proposed and still huge efforts are being contributed by many researchers to propose new algorithms based on the parent LEACH protocol. In this paper we represent a survey on LEACH based protocols related with the various modified techniques of cluster head selection. In cluster-based LEACH protocol cluster heads spend much more energy than that of energy by other nodes in the cluster. Therefore, proper selection of cluster heads is necessary in order to optimise the energy efficiency of a network. This paper reviews mainly the various modified election probability of cluster head selection and threshold condition based on LEACH protocol to provide a brief idea of these improvement techniques to the readers.