Research on Role Identification and Evolution of Hospital Staff in Emergency Evacuation Situations

: Hospital, as a critical public facility in urban settings, faces the challenges of emergencies that can lead to chaotic evacuation processes, jeopardizing both personnel safety and overall evacuation efficiency. Hospital staff, including doctors, security personnel, and various social roles, play indispensable roles in emergency evacuations. This study conducted two expert questionnaire surveys to investigate the social role identification and performance of hospital staff during routine and emergency situations. The research identified five distinct emergency evacuation roles, offering a clear distinction between the daily behaviors of hospital staff and their evacuation behaviors, while also pinpointing potential influencing factors for these behaviors. Findings revealed that hospital staff would be assumed to play emergency evacuation roles during unforeseen events, with their behavior and performance shaped by a complex interplay of personal characteristics, organizational factors, and environmental considerations. An evacuation role evolution questionnaire was developed and validated, facilitating a comprehensive analysis of phenomena such as role ambiguity, conflicts, and tension that may arise during hospital emergency evacuations