胡塞尔神经现象学:以现实为基础的经验人类学

Humans Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI:10.3390/humans4010006
Charles D. Laughlin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人类学长期以来一直拒绝成为一门唯名论科学,因而一再错失建立在经验理论建构基础上的机会,而选择退缩到一种社会文化差异的自然史中。我们所需要的是将民族学的目光聚焦于感知的基本结构和社会文化差异的方法。经验与感官人类学是最近兴起的一个研究领域,它可以将胡塞尔现象学与神经科学结合起来,建立一个框架来证明意识的基本结构的存在,以及神经生物学过程的演化,从而将世界真实地呈现在意识面前。作者展示了如何将本质(感官对象、关系、视野和相关直觉)的融合与对意识神经相关性的探索结合起来,以增强传统的人种学研究,从而消除建构主义 "从头到尾都是文化 "的偏见。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Husserlian Neurophenomenology: Grounding the Anthropology of Experience in Reality
Anthropology has long resisted becoming a nomothetic science, thus repeatedly missing opportunities to build upon empirical theoretical constructs, choosing instead to back away into a kind of natural history of sociocultural differences. What is required are methods that focus the ethnographic gaze upon the essential structures of perception as well as sociocultural differences. The anthropology of experience and the senses is a recent movement that may be amenable to including a partnership between Husserlian phenomenology and neuroscience to build a framework for evidencing the existence of essential structures of consciousness, and the neurobiological processes that have evolved to present the world to consciousness as adaptively real. The author shows how the amalgamation of essences (sensory objects, relations, horizons, and associated intuitions) and the quest for neural correlates of consciousness can be combined to augment traditional ethnographic research, and thereby nullify the “it’s culture all the way down” bias of constructivism.
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