性激素对神经发育的影响是否与精神疾病的性别差异有关?

Psychiatric developments Pub Date : 1988-01-01
L Sikich, R D Todd
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引用次数: 0

摘要

许多精神疾病的发病率存在很大的性别差异。这些性别差异的基础可能很复杂,可能涉及社会和生物因素的相互作用。可能的社会因素包括儿童养育方式、个人期望和生活方式以及社会制度。生物学因素可能包括遗传效应、激素介导的神经发育效应和激素介导的神经调节效应。本文就性腺激素对发育的影响作一综述。综述了非人类哺乳动物在神经解剖学和行为上的性别差异。在发育暴露于性腺激素已被证明参与建立这些性别二分法的实例进行了调查。通过产前和产后早期性腺激素水平的差异可能产生这种性别差异的分子机制进行了检查。讨论了人类神经解剖学和认知功能的性别差异。最后,我们推测类似的激素机制可能影响精神疾病的方式。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Are the neurodevelopmental effects of gonadal hormones related to sex differences in psychiatric illnesses?

There are large sex differences in the incidence of many psychiatric diseases. The bases for these sex differences are probably complex and are likely to involve the interaction of both social and biological factors. Probable social factors include child rearing practices, personal expectations and lifestyles, and societal institutions. Biological factors would likely include genetic effects, hormonally mediated neurodevelopmental effects and hormonally mediated neuroregulatory effects. This paper focuses upon the developmental effects of gonadal hormones. The sex differences observed in the neuroanatomy and behavior of nonhuman mammals are reviewed. The instances in which developmental exposure to gonadal hormones has been demonstrated to be involved in establishing these sexual dichotomies are surveyed. The molecular mechanisms by which differences in prenatal and early postnatal levels of gonadal hormones may generate such sex differences are examined. Sex differences in human neuroanatomy and cognitive function are discussed. Finally, we speculate on ways in which similar hormonal mechanisms might act to influence psychiatric disorders.

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