A remnant root of a Neoproterozoic island arc in the Northern Eastern Desert of Egypt: Evidence from the whole-rock and amphibole chemistry of the Gattar gabbro

The tectonic settings and petrogenesis of Neoproterozoic gabbroic rocks are critical to understand the formation and evolution of the Arabian-Nubian accretionary orogen. We present the whole-rock chemistry and amphibole chemistry of the Gattar gabbro in the northern Eastern Desert of Egypt to better understand the formation of this part of the orogen. The Gattar gabbro is composed of variable proportions of amphibole and plagioclase, which imply the hydrous nature of its parent magma. Trace element patterns of the gabbro and the calculated liquids in equilibrium with its amphibole show enrichment in large ion lithophile elements relative to high field strength elements, which indicate that the Gattar magma formed above a subduction zone. The low abundances of high field strength element in the gabbro are consistent with a depleted mantle source similar to intra-oceanic island arc rocks. However, the high Nb/La ratio of the Gattar gabbro (0.46–10.71) is reminiscent to Nb-enriched mafic rocks from subduction settings. The amphibole chemistry suggests that the hydrous magma of the gabbro crystallized at temperature and pressure estimates of 930 °C and 8 kbar and under oxidizing conditions. The Gattar gabbro is affiliated with the Tonian-Cryogenian arc-related mafic gabbro, which is rarely recorded in this northernmost segment of the Arabian-Nubian orogen. In terms of comparison with the Ediacaran post-orogenic gabbros from the northern Eastern Desert, the Gattar gabbro shows lower concentrations of incompatible elements and Ti/V ratio.