改进技术大学的多专业教育

I. F. Medvedev, O. V. Mikryukova, I. V. Poroshina
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摘要

文章讨论了技术大学学生多专业化的过程。对这一问题的科学和教学研究以及教育实践的分析揭示了培养多种专业人才的各种方法。多专业培训的个性化与独立掌握新领域的科学和技术知识的能力有关。在自我教育活动过程中形成多专业性的教学先决条件包括教育阵列的逐步扩大、横向和纵向的多专业联系、学生教育和认知活动的培养以及大学毕业生的职业流动性。获得多方面知识的阶段包括:现代化变革和更新以前获得的知识体系、积累事实材料和寻找形成体系的联系、整合相关对象和专业活动类型、超越所学专业的限制扩展到所选专业的领域、熟悉专业价值和通过不同专业的方法和手段解决技术问题的多种交流。多专业联系既可以在一个层次的范围内实现,也可以在不同的技能水平上以上升和下降的方向实现。学生教育和认知活动的培养包括在教育文件中引入解决不同复杂程度的真正科学和技术问题的实例,专业流动性与教育流动性的形成直接相关,即独立选择教育轨迹的能力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Improvement polyprofessional education at the technical university
The article discusses the process of student’s polyprofessionalism in technical universities. The analysis of scientific and pedagogical research of this problem and educational practice revealed various approaches to the training of specialists of a wide profi le. Mass multiprofessional education is carried out through organizational structures for managing network interaction, convergence and integration of educational institutions.Individualization of polyprofessional training is associated with the ability to independently master new areas of scientific and technical knowledge. Didactic prerequisites for the formation of polyprofessionalism in the course of self-educational activity consist in the gradual expansion of the educational array, horizontal and vertical polyprofessional ties, Profiling of educational and cognitive activity of students and professional mobility of university graduates. The stages of acquiring multiqualifications include modernization changes and updating the system of previously acquired knowledge, accumulation of factual material and search for system-forming connections, integration of related objects and types of professional activity, expansive going beyond the limits of the studied specialty into the field of the chosen profession, familiarization with professional values and a multiplicity of communications for solving technical problems by methods and means of different professions. The implementation of polyprofessional ties is possible both within the boundaries of one level and at different skill levels in ascending and descending directions. Profiling of educational and cognitive activity of students includes the introduction of examples of solving really scientific and technical problems of varying complexity into the educational documentation, and professional mobility is directly related to the formation of educational mobility, meaning the ability to independently choose an educational trajectory.When improving polyprofessional education at a technical university in any form and at every stage, it is necessary to rely on and develop its value, orientation, content and methodological components.
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