利用有前途的生物化方法开发果树果实稳定性管理技术

Valentina Petrovna Popova
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摘要

本报告介绍了 2023 年关于制定合理利用土地的水果农业园稳定性管理方法的研究成果。研究对象是各种栽培条件下的果园农业生物群落。这项工作采用了研究小组开发的方法和原创技术。研究开发了提高水果农作物对复杂因素的抵抗力的技术方法和要素,包括控制病原体和害虫发展的生物方法、在施用生物刺激剂的背景下合理形成国内品种水果作物的树冠、配给优质水果产量的技术、优化植物营养的方法以及在生物和分子水平上再现土壤肥力。基础性和应用性科学研究的成果与确定水果作物在不断变化的栽培条件下形成生产力的模式和机制有关,并为开发果园生产力管理技术的新要素和监测土壤资源潜力的系统奠定了方法论基础,以便在保护环境的同时为人们提供优质产品。关于砧木基因型对在不同种植密度条件下实现马蔺属(Malus Mill.)各种接穗-砧木组合的生产潜力的影响模式的新知识,将允许通过使用最高产的接穗-砧木组合,显著提高种植的生产率,最有效地利用园地面积,并大大加快上市结果的开始时间。关于土壤覆盖的某些限制性参数对果树接穗-砧木组合的状况和产量的影响模式的新知识,将用于开发评估土壤园艺适宜性的最佳参数。在冬春不同阶段不断变化的气候条件下,从梨品种花芽的稳定程度角度确定的各种梨品种的抗冻性特征,是优化北高加索地区梨作物种植的基础。关键词果园、环境压力、天气条件变化、土壤参数变化、接穗-砧木组合、国内苹果品种、梨品种的抗冻性、营养优化、病原体和害虫控制
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR MANAGING THE STABILITY OF FRUIT CENOSES USING PROMISING BIOLOGIZED METHODS
The results of 2023 research on the development of methods for managing the stability of fruit agrocenoses with rational land use are presented. The objects of research are orchard agrobiocenoses under various cultivation conditions. The work used methodological approaches and original techniques developed by the research team. Methods and elements of technologies for increasing the resistance of fruit agrocenoses to a complex of factors with biologized approaches for controlling the development of pathogens and pests, rational formation of the crowns of fruit crops of domestic varieties against the background of the application of biostimulants, techniques for rationing high-quality fruit yield, optimized approaches for optimizing plant nutrition and reproducing soil fertility in biocenotic and molecular levels were developed. The obtained results of scientific research of a fundamental and applied nature are associated with the identification of patterns and disclosure of mechanisms for the formation of the productivity of fruit crops in changing cultivation conditions and create a methodological basis for the development of new elements of technologies for managing the productivity of orchard cenoses, systems for monitoring the resource potential of soils to provide the population with quality products while preserving the environment. New knowledge about the patterns of influence of rootstock genotype on the realization of the production potential of various scion-rootstock combinations of the genus Malus Mill. under conditions of different planting densities, will allow, through the use of the most productive scion-rootstock combinations, to significantly increase the productivity of plantings, make the most efficient use of the garden area, and significantly accelerate the onset of marketable fruiting. New knowledge about the patterns of influence of certain limiting parameters of the soil cover on the condition and productivity of scion-rootstock combinations of fruit crops will be used to develop optimal parameters for assessing the horticultural suitability of soils. The identified features of frost resistance of various pear varieties in terms of the degree of stability of their flower buds under changing weather conditions in different phases of the winter-spring period are the basis for optimizing the placement of pear crops in the North Caucasus zone. Key words: ORCHARD CENOSES, ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS, CHANGES IN WEATHER CONDITIONS, TRANSFORMATION OF SOIL PARAMETERS, SCION-ROOTSTOCK COMBINATIONS, DOMESTIC APPLE VARIETIES, FROST RESISTANCE OF PEAR VARIETIES, NUTRITION OPTIMIZATION, PATHOGENS AND PEST CONTROL
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