Strategies for enhancing international student retention: A critical literature review

International student retention is a critical concern for educational institutions worldwide, given its implications for institutional reputation, financial stability, and global competitiveness. This paper presents a comprehensive critical literature review aimed at exploring strategies to enhance the retention of international students. By synthesizing existing research, it identifies challenges faced by institutions in retaining these students and evaluates the effectiveness of various strategies in improving completion rates. The review highlights the multifaceted nature of challenges encountered by international students, including academic, social, cultural, and institutional barriers. These challenges often contribute to higher attrition rates among international students compared to their domestic counterparts. Factors such as language proficiency, cultural adjustment, financial constraints, and lack of social support emerge as significant determinants influencing retention outcomes. Furthermore, the paper critically examines a range of strategies employed by educational institutions to address these challenges and enhance retention rates. These strategies encompass academic support programs, cultural adaptation initiatives, financial assistance schemes, and community-building activities. Additionally, the review explores the role of institutional policies, administrative support structures, and faculty engagement in fostering a supportive environment for international students. Moreover, the paper evaluates the effectiveness of these strategies based on empirical evidence, analyzing their impact on retention rates and the broader implications for institutional outcomes. It discusses the interplay between retention efforts, institutional reputation, and financial sustainability, emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach to student support and success. In conclusion, this critical literature review offers valuable insights into the complexities of international student retention and provides evidence-based recommendations for enhancing retention efforts. By addressing the diverse needs of international students and fostering a supportive learning environment, institutions can not only improve completion rates but also strengthen their global standing and ensure long-term financial viability in an increasingly competitive higher education landscape.