Recent advances in landfalling tropical cyclone asymmetric rainfall mechanism and forecast verification over China

Held every four years, the International Workshop on Tropical Cyclone (IWTC) organized by the World Meteorological Organization has been a global leading conference in the field of tropical cyclone. In preparation for the 10th IWTC (IWTC-10) in December 2022, a summary of research advances of landfalling tropical cyclone (LTC) rainfall during past four years of 2019–2022 has been prepared. Some of the latest research advances has been summarized in Lamers et al. (2023), which reviewed the latest forecast and disaster prevention methods related to TC precipitation. As a supplement, this article mainly focuses on the recent advances in LTC asymmetric rainfall evolution mechanisms and forecast verification results over China. Some new findings have been made in the LTC inner-core size relationship with the asymmetric rainfall distribution. Some major advances focused on asymmetric microphysical characteristics in the TC rainbands. Current simulation and forecast performances of LTC precipitation have been analyzed, and different forecast error sources for rainfall during different landfall stages of TC were compared. To estimate the risk of TC rainfall hazards in China, a parameterized Tropical Cyclone Precipitation Model was reviewed as well in this article.