Adsorptive removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution using Teff (Eragrostis tef) hay based magnetized biocarbon: RSM-GA, ANN based optimization and kinetics aspects

Teff (Eragrostis tef) is known as a staple grain crop which grown as edible seeds, remarkably in Ethiopia. However, after removal of its seeds, the hay obtained from this crop, are considered as agro-waste. Such a lignocellulosic agro-waste can be potentially exploited to prepare activated carbon to treat the harmful industrial effluents for detoxification. In this study, Teff hay (TH) was used as a precursor for preparing the activated carbon. The using H2SO4, chemical activation was carried out followed by carbonaceous process was undertaken to prepared activated carbon (AC) by pyrolysis. The prepared AC was modified as magnetized AC and characterized by various characterization methods. Further, as a bio-absorbent, its potency for adsorptive removal of Cu(II) ions was ascertained. Notably, the most studied and important process factors for adsorption, such as, initial concentration of metal ion, adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time were subjected to optimization using response surface method (RSM). Further, to ensure the statistical optimization of aforementioned factors, the non-statistical techniques, genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial neural network (ANN) tools have been executed. In addition, the use of prepared Teff-hay based magnetized AC for the removal of Cu(II) by adsorption process was evaluated through different isotherms and kinetic approaches.