Polygenic Indices (aka Polygenic Scores) in Social Science: A Guide for Interpretation and Evaluation

Polygenic indices (PGI)—the new recommended label for polygenic scores in social science applications—are genetic summary scales often used to represent an individual’s liability for a disease, trait, or behavior on the basis of the additive effects of measured genetic variants. Enthusiasm for linking genetic data with social outcomes and the inclusion of premade PGIs in social science data sets have facilitated increased uptake of PGIs in social science research, a trend that will likely continue. Yet most social scientists lack the expertise to interpret and evaluate PGIs in social science research. Here, I provide a primer on PGIs for social scientists focusing on key concepts, unique statistical genetic considerations, and best practices in calculation, estimation, reporting, and interpretation. I summarize recommended best practices as a checklist to aid social scientists in evaluating and interpreting studies with PGIs. I conclude by discussing the similarities between PGIs and standard social science scales and unique interpretative considerations.