鸟类建筑师:美国城市中的技术、驯化和动物思维。

IF 1.1 3区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Matthew Holmes
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引用次数: 0

摘要

十九世纪中叶,家雀(Passer domesticus)被引入美国,并迅速在美国蔓延开来。在十九世纪末二十世纪初的一段短暂时期内,观察麻雀的行为成为一种城市消遣。麻雀的智力、理智、毅力和手艺等特质被美国都市人赋予了新的含义。本文认为,麻雀的智慧常常与驯化混为一谈:即麻雀适应与人类共同生活的能力。对麻雀聪明才智的赞美通常围绕着它们的筑巢能力,尤其是当这些建筑克服了城市基础设施和技术带来的挑战时。麻雀造成停电或水源污染时,就不那么值得称赞了。美国的麻雀表明,这些趣闻轶事及其对动物心灵的影响之间的关系如何受到城市技术和基础设施的影响。麻雀的崇拜者们并不是在衡量麻雀的智力,而是在衡量它们适应人类居住环境的能力。麻雀只有在证明自己有能力被驯化后,才会被赋予智慧。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Avian architects: Technology, domestication, and animal minds in urban America.

In the mid-nineteenth century, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) was introduced to the United States, quickly spreading across the country. For a brief period in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the observation of sparrow behavior was something of an urban pastime. Traits such as intelligence, reason, persistence, and craftsmanship were conferred onto sparrows by American urbanites. This paper argues that sparrow intelligence was often conflated with domestication: the ability of the birds to adapt to living alongside humans. Praise for the ingenuity of sparrows generally revolved around their nest building, particularly when such structures overcame the challenges posed by urban infrastructure and technology. Sparrows were far less praiseworthy when they caused electricity outages or contaminated water supplies. The sparrow in the United States demonstrates how the relationship between these anecdotes and their implications for animal minds was mediated by the technology and infrastructure of cities. Admirers of sparrows were not measuring the birds' mental capacity, but rather their ability to adapt to human habitations. Sparrows were only granted intelligence once they had demonstrated their ability to become domesticated.

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来源期刊
History of Science
History of Science 综合性期刊-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
15
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: History of Science is peer reviewed journal devoted to the history of science, medicine and technology from earliest times to the present day. Articles discussing methodology, and reviews of the current state of knowledge and possibilities for future research, are especially welcome.
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