Observation of Primary Rogue Waves in Solids

In this study, we first observed second-order primary rogue waves in solids by experiments using a modal based on primary waves. We found that the propagation of primary waves in solids can be described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. To enhance our understanding, we employed variational mode decomposition and identified the inherent frequency as the main factor. Therefore, we conducted spectral analysis to determine the frequency and discussed the results. The theoretical and experimental results are found to be in agreement, and our findings can be applied to the non destructive testing of large engineering structures.