Make Partition Fit Task: A Novel Framework for Joint Learning of City Region Partition and Representation

The proliferation of multimodal big data in cities provides unprecedented opportunities for modeling and forecasting urban problems, e.g., crime prediction and house price prediction, through data-driven approaches. A fundamental and critical issue in modeling and forecasting urban problems lies in identifying suitable spatial analysis units, also known as city region partition. Existing works rely on subjective domain knowledge for static partitions, which is general and universal for all tasks. In fact, different tasks may need different city region partitions. To address this issue, we propose a task-oriented framework for Joint Learning of region Partition and Representation (JLPR for short hereafter). To make partition fit task, JLPR integrates the region partition into the representation model training and learns region partitions using the supervision signal from the downstream task. We evaluate the framework on two prediction tasks (i.e., crime prediction and housing price prediction) in Chicago. Experiments show that JLPR consistently outperforms state-of-the-art partitioning methods in both tasks, which achieves above 25% and 70% performance improvements in terms of Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for crime prediction and house price prediction tasks, respectively. Additionally, we meticulously undertake three visualization case studies, which yield profound and illuminating findings from diverse perspectives, demonstrating the remarkable effectiveness and superiority of our approach.