许旺细胞的发育和髓鞘化

IF 6.9 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
James Salzer, M. Laura Feltri, Claire Jacob
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引用次数: 0

摘要

外周神经系统(PNS)中的神经胶质细胞来自神经嵴,包括神经中与轴突相关的许旺细胞(SCs)、神经肌肉接头处与突触相关的SCs、肠胶质细胞、神经节中与核周相关的卫星细胞以及中枢神经系统(CNS)和外周神经系统(PNS)交界处的边界帽细胞。在这里,我们重点讨论轴突相关卫星细胞。这些SC经过一系列形成阶段,最终生成包裹大口径轴突的髓鞘SC和包裹多条小口径轴突的非髓鞘(Remak)SC。在这项研究中,我们描述了SC的发育、来自轴突和细胞外基质(ECM)的外在信号及其激活的调控SC发育的细胞内信号通路,以及髓鞘化SC和髓鞘的形态发生和组织。我们回顾了 SC 对轴突生物学和完整性的影响,以及 SC 在调节周围神经结构中的新作用。最后,我们解释了转录和表观遗传因子如何控制和微调 SC 的发育和髓鞘化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Schwann Cell Development and Myelination
Glial cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which arise from the neural crest, include axon-associated Schwann cells (SCs) in nerves, synapse-associated SCs at the neuromuscular junction, enteric glia, perikaryon-associated satellite cells in ganglia, and boundary cap cells at the border between the central nervous system (CNS) and the PNS. Here, we focus on axon-associated SCs. These SCs progress through a series of formative stages, which culminate in the generation of myelinating SCs that wrap large-caliber axons and of nonmyelinating (Remak) SCs that enclose multiple, small-caliber axons. In this work, we describe SC development, extrinsic signals from the axon and extracellular matrix (ECM) and the intracellular signaling pathways they activate that regulate SC development, and the morphogenesis and organization of myelinating SCs and the myelin sheath. We review the impact of SCs on the biology and integrity of axons and their emerging role in regulating peripheral nerve architecture. Finally, we explain how transcription and epigenetic factors control and fine-tune SC development and myelination.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
15.00
自引率
1.40%
发文量
56
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology offers a comprehensive platform in the molecular life sciences, featuring reviews that span molecular, cell, and developmental biology, genetics, neuroscience, immunology, cancer biology, and molecular pathology. This online publication provides in-depth insights into various topics, making it a valuable resource for those engaged in diverse aspects of biological research.
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