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引用次数: 0
摘要
植物系统新烟碱类杀虫剂会对益虫和土壤微生物等生物产生非目标影响。新烟碱类杀虫剂会影响植物微生物群落,但我们对其对介导植物-昆虫相互作用的微生物群落的影响知之甚少,包括花蜜栖息微生物(NIMs)。在这里,我们采用了两种方法来评估 NN 暴露对几个 NIM 类群的影响。首先,我们使用平板试验检测了六种 NN 化合物对 NIM 生长的体外影响。其次,我们将标准化的 NIM 群落接种到经过 NN 处理的油菜(甘蓝型油菜)花蜜中,并在 24 小时后评估微生物的存活和生长情况。然而,不同细菌的生长指标下降幅度和观察到影响的 NN 浓度有很大差异。酵母菌对 NN 的体外反应并不一致。在花蜜中,我们没有看到 NN 处理对 NIM 群落指标的影响。相反,NIM 的丰度和多样性对植物固有的特性(如花蜜量)做出了反应。总之,我们没有发现证据表明 NIM 会在 24 小时内对花蜜中与田间相关的 NN 水平做出反应,但我们的研究表明,在评估 NN 对微生物群落的影响时,环境(特别是检测方法、时间和植物特征)非常重要。
Nontarget impacts of neonicotinoids on nectar-inhabiting microbes
Plant-systemic neonicotinoid (NN) insecticides can exert non-target impacts on organisms like beneficial insects and soil microbes. NNs can affect plant microbiomes, but we know little about their effects on microbial communities that mediate plant-insect interactions, including nectar-inhabiting microbes (NIMs). Here we employed two approaches to assess the impacts of NN exposure on several NIM taxa. First, we assayed the in vitro effects of six NN compounds on NIM growth using plate assays. Second, we inoculated a standardised NIM community into the nectar of NN-treated canola (Brassica napus) and assessed microbial survival and growth after 24 h. With few exceptions, in vitro NN exposure tended to decrease bacterial growth metrics. However, the magnitude of the decrease and the NN concentrations at which effects were observed varied substantially across bacteria. Yeasts showed no consistent in vitro response to NNs. In nectar, we saw no effects of NN treatment on NIM community metrics. Rather, NIM abundance and diversity responded to inherent plant qualities like nectar volume. In conclusion, we found no evidence that NIMs respond to field-relevant NN levels in nectar within 24 h, but our study suggests that context, specifically assay methods, time and plant traits, is important in assaying the effects of NNs on microbial communities.
期刊介绍:
Environmental Microbiology provides a high profile vehicle for publication of the most innovative, original and rigorous research in the field. The scope of the Journal encompasses the diversity of current research on microbial processes in the environment, microbial communities, interactions and evolution and includes, but is not limited to, the following:
the structure, activities and communal behaviour of microbial communities
microbial community genetics and evolutionary processes
microbial symbioses, microbial interactions and interactions with plants, animals and abiotic factors
microbes in the tree of life, microbial diversification and evolution
population biology and clonal structure
microbial metabolic and structural diversity
microbial physiology, growth and survival
microbes and surfaces, adhesion and biofouling
responses to environmental signals and stress factors
modelling and theory development
pollution microbiology
extremophiles and life in extreme and unusual little-explored habitats
element cycles and biogeochemical processes, primary and secondary production
microbes in a changing world, microbially-influenced global changes
evolution and diversity of archaeal and bacterial viruses
new technological developments in microbial ecology and evolution, in particular for the study of activities of microbial communities, non-culturable microorganisms and emerging pathogens